Ziziphi iintlobo eziqhelekileyo zokuvala iibhlokhi kwi-reverse osmosis/nanofiltration membranes? Indlela yokugweba? Indlela yokusombulula ngayo? (1)

1. Ungcoliseko lwento ethile.
Iimpawu: Ngokuqhelekileyo kwenzeka kwisigaba sokuqala sokugunyaziswa kunye nokusebenza, okubonakaliswa ngokunyuka ngokukhawuleza kwixesha loxinzelelo oluhlukeneyo kunye nokuhanjiswa kwamanzi okuqhelekileyo (ukuba akunzima kakhulu, kufunyenwe kwangaphambili kwaye kuqhutywe ngexesha).
Isizathu: Ngexesha lokulungiswa, i-membrane system inlet pipe (ehlala ifunyenwe emva kokucoca ukhuseleko) ayizange ihlambulule okanye ihlambulule i-slag ye-welding eseleyo okanye i-sawdust eshiyekileyo okanye ezinye izinto ezingcolileyo ezishiywe ngumbhobho we-PVC zafunyanwa licandelo lokuqala le-membrane yokuqala, kwaye ekugqibeleni iqokelelwe ekupheleni kobuso be-membrane, ivalela umgijimi we-membrane.
Indlela yokugweba: Okokuqala misela ixesha lokwenzeka (kwiintsuku ezimbalwa emva kokuqala) kunye nesantya sokuhluka koxinzelelo lokunyusa kwinqanaba lokuqala (ngokukhawuleza kakhulu), kwaye uvule i-cap end cap ye-membrane ukuqinisekisa ukuba kukho amasuntswana okungcola kwi-membrane ekupheleni kobuso.
Amanyathelo okuchasa:Coca umbhobho ngocoselelo ngaphandle kokushiya intwana.

2. I-Colloidal foiling
Iimpawu: Xa olu hlobo lokungcola lwenzeka, ukuhlukana koxinzelelo kwicandelo lokuqala ngokuqhelekileyo kuphezulu, i-membrane yokuqala neyesibini kwindawo yokungena yecandelo lokuqala ibaluleke kakhulu, kwaye i-membrane ngasemva icocekile. Kwaye umphumo wokucoca kwi-intanethi umbi kakhulu, kwaye unokususwa kwaye ucocwe ngaphandle kweintanethi. Emva kokucoca, ayikwazi ukuhlala iintsuku ezimbalwa kwaye kufuneka ikhutshwe kwaye ihlanjwe. Isihluzo sokhuseleko sitshintshwa ngokukhawuleza, kwaye kwiimeko ezinzima, kufuneka itshintshwe kwiiyure ezimbalwa. Xa usahlulahlula isihluzo sokhuseleko, uya kufumanisa ukuba kukho i-slime kwiindonga zayo.
Oonobangela:
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(2) Ukongezwa ngokugqithiseleyo kwePAC okanye i-sodium metaaluminate okanye i-PAM kwi-tank ye-sedimentation ekupheleni kwe-membrane ikhokelela kwi-aluminium engaphezulu kunye neentsalela ze-PAM kumanzi amdaka.
(3) I-Scale inhibitors ayihambelani nokuvelisa iiflocs.

Ukungahambelani kwe-inhibitor yesikali esongeziweyo kuqhelekile kwindlela yokusabela phakathi kwe-scale inhibitor kunye ne-aluminium eseleyo kwi-osmosis ejikelezayo emanzini ukwenza i-floc blocking membrane.

Indlela yokugweba:
(1) Indlela yokugweba yokuqhekeka kocingo lwe-ultrafiltration ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
Indlela yoku-1: Qaphela kwaye uvavanye ukucoceka kwe-membrane yokucoca i-SDI. Umfanekiso ongezantsi ubonisa ukuhluzwa kokuqala kwe-250ml ye-membrane yokuvelisa amanzi e-ultrafiltration ngexesha lovavanyo lwe-SDI (ukuveliswa kwamanzi e-ultrafiltration kungcolile kakhulu, kuthatha ixesha elide ukucoca i-500ml, kwaye emva koko uyeke).
Indlela yesi-2: Hlalutya ukuba i-turbidity yemveliso yamanzi ye-ultrafiltration yanda ngokungaqhelekanga, kwaye i-turbidity eqhelekileyo yokuveliswa kwamanzi malunga ne-0.1NTU.
Indlela yesi-3: Qinisekisa ucingo olwaphukileyo ngendlela yokujonga iqamza.

(2) Indlela yokugweba ukugqithisa kwePAC okanye i-sodium metaaluminate okanye i-PAM kwi-membrane ye-sedimentation ye-membrane yangaphambili ihamba ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: Ingaba i-PAC okanye i-metaaluminate ye-sodium igqithise kakhulu ukufumanisa umxholo we-aluminium ogqithisiweyo, esilawula ngokubanzi kwi-

(3) Indlela yokugweba yokungahambelani kwe-scale inhibitor yile ilandelayo: Igwetywa ngokuyininzi ngezilingo, kwaye inkqubo yovavanyo ibonakaliswa yiprojekthi yethu yokwenene njengomzekelo. Thatha i-membrane emanzini kwaye ungeze i-inhibitor yesikali esetyenzisiweyo kwisayithi (i-dosage iyafana ne-on-site) kunye ne-PAC (iguqulwe ngokomxholo we-aluminium ion kwi-membrane inlet). Emva koko ukusabela okushukumisayo kujongwa ukuba kukho naliphi na imvula eyenziweyo. Kwangaxeshanye, iseti yemifuniselo engenanto iyenziwa, kodwa ngaphandle kwePAC, okunye kuyafana.
• Akukho PAC yongezwayo, yi-scale inhibitor kuphela esetyenziswa kwisiza esongeziweyo, akukho mvula ibonakala, kwaye inkqubo iyafana.
• Ukongezwa kwe-PAC kunye ne-scale inhibitor kwisiza ngokukhawuleza kuvelise imvula ebonakala ngathi ihambelana kakhulu neempawu ezingcolileyo kwi-membrane ekupheleni kobuso.
•Ngomnye umfuniselo we-scale inhibitor (ekwadityaniswe nePAC yokusetyenziswa ebaleni), akukho sediment yabonwayo, kwaye inkqubo ibinobunye.
Le mifuniselo ingentla ingqina ukuba isikali se-inhibitor esisetyenziswe ebaleni asihambelani nePAC, nto leyo ekhokelela kwimvula eqengqelekayo, kunye nenye inhibitor yesikali kufuneka itshintshwe.

Amanyathelo okuchasa:
(1) Ukuba i-ultrafiltration iphukile, iplagi yocingo kufuneka ilungiswe ngokwendlela ye-membrane manual. Ukuba iphula kakhulu, kuyacetyiswa ukuba uyitshintshe.
(2) Xa kukho i-dosing egqithisileyo ye-PAC okanye i-sodium metaaluminate okanye i-PAM kwi-tank yemvula ekupheleni kwe-membrane, i-dosage efanelekileyo kufuneka igqitywe nge-experiment ye-beaker kunye neenjongo zokulawula inkqubo.
(3) Ukuba i-scale inhibitor ifunyenwe ingahambelani, kufuneka itshintshwe. Xa usebenzisa i-inhibitor yesikali esitsha, kuyimfuneko ukugqiba ukuba ngaba iyahambelana ne-arhente eyongeziweyo kwisayithi ngokusebenzisa imifuniselo.