Ugutyulo lwenyukliya alulingani nenkunkuma yenyukliya, amanzi, ugutyulo lwenyukliya luyingozi ngakumbi, kuqukwa ne-tritium, kubandakanywa iintlobo ezingama-64 zezixhobo zenyukliya ze-radioactive. Emva kokuba amanzi angcolisekileyo enyukliya engene kwimo engqongileyo yaseLwandle, iqala ithuthwa yimisinga yolwandle kwaye iya kunabela kwiilwandle ezahlukeneyo.
Ukongeza, iya kuqhubeka ihanjiswa nge-ecosystem ye-Marine, efana nokusasazwa kwekhonkco lokutya, kwaye inokungena emzimbeni womntu ngokutya koluntu lwaselwandle, ngaloo ndlela izisa iimpembelelo ezithile ezinokubakho kwi-ecosystem yaseLwandle okanye impilo yabantu. Ngokohlolo lwangaphambili lwengozi yenyukliya yaseFukushima, uninzi losulelo luya kuhambela empuma kwaye lunqumle uLwandlekazi lwePasifiki.
Inxalenye encinci yezi zinto zingcolisayo ziya kungena kumzantsi-ntshona ngePac esentshonai-fic inwebu yamanzi. Ngenxa yokuba izinto ezinemitha eqhumayo kumanzi amdaka enyukliya zinemitha eyingozi kakhulu kwaye iimpawu zazo ezibonakalayo zizinzile kakhulu, unyango lwangoku lwamanzi amdaka enyukliya kukugxininiswa kwezinto ezinemitha ye-radioactive ngeendlela ezithile zobuchwephesha, kwaye emva koko kukhutshwe ulwelo oluyinkunkuma oluhlangabezana nomgangatho wokusasazeka kwemitha.
Okwangoku, iindlela zokucocwa kwamanzi amdaka enyukliya ezisetyenziswa kakhulu ziquka ezi zilandelayo:
(1) Indlela yemvula: Indlela yokuna kwemvula kukongeza i-arhente yokuwa kwemvula kumanzi amdaka enyukliya, kunye nentshukumo yokuhlangana kwemvula yokwakheka kweekhemikhali kunye neelekhmenti ze-radioactive kwi-arhente yokuwisa isetyenziselwa ukuphumeza injongo yokunciphisa umxholo wezinto ezinemitha ye-radioactive kumanzi amdaka enyukliya. Okwangoku, iindawo ezisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo kwimizi-mveliso ziquka i-aluminiyam kunye ne-iron precipitants, i-lime soda precipitants kunye ne-phosphate precipitants.
(2) Indlela ye-Adsorption: Indlela ye-Adsorption yindlela yokusebenzisa i-adsorbents kwi-adsorb elements ye-radioactive, eyona ndlela yonyango lomzimba. Ngenxa yokwakhiwa kwepore ephuhlisiwe kunye nommandla omkhulu ocacileyo, i-adsorbent inomthamo oqinileyo wokubhengeza. Okwangoku, i-adsorbents esetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo i-activated carbon, i-zeolite kunye nokunye.
(3) Indlela yokutshintsha i-ion: Umthetho-siseko wendlela yokutshintshiselana nge-ion kukusebenzisa abatshintshi be-ion ukwenza utshintshiselwano lwe-ion kunye namanzi amdaka enyukliya, ukuze kususwe utshintshiselwano nge-ion ene-radioactive kumanzi amdaka enyukliya. Ii-ion ze-radioactive eziqulethwe kumanzi amdaka enyukliya ubukhulu becala ziications, ngoko ke amaqela asebenzayo ahlawuliswa ngokufanelekileyo kwi-ion exchanger anokutshintshwa ngeecations ze-radioactive, kwaye ii-ion ze-radioactive zinokutshintshwa zibe ngumtshintshisi. Utshintshiselwano lwe-ion oluqhelekileyo olusetyenziswayo lwahlulwe lwaba ngamacandelo amabini atshintshiselana nge-organic kunye ne-inorganic ion, i-organic ion exchangers ikakhulu ziiresin ezahlukeneyo zokutshintshiselana nge-ion, abatshintshi be-ion be-ion yi-artificial zeolite, ivermiculite njalo njalo.
Ixesha lokuposa: Aug-28-2023