Izizathu kunye nezisombululo zokuvala i-reverse osmosis membrane element

1. Iimpawu ezi-3 eziSilumkiso zokuValeka kweMembrane eReverse Osmosis.

• Umthamo wemveliso uye wehla ngaphezu kwe-10% xa kuthelekiswa nexabiso lokuqala, kwaye uxinzelelo luye lwanda kakhulu.
• Izinga lokukhutshwa kwetyuwa emanzini lehle nge-5%, kwaye ixabiso lilonke lezinto eziqinileyo ezinyityilisiweyo (TDS) zamanzi avelisiweyo lenyuke kakhulu.
• Xa ukuhlukana koxinzelelo lwemodyuli ye-membrane kudlula i-0.07 MPa, ingxolo yokusebenza iba phezulu.

2. Iintlobo ezi-3 eziqhelekileyo zoNgcoliseko.

• Ungcoliseko lwendalo (elona luxhaphakileyo)
• Isizathu: I-calcium kunye ne-magnesium ion, i-carbonates, i-sulfates, i-iron kunye ne-manganese ion, njl. njl
• Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo: Ukwahlukana koxinzelelo lwemodyuli ye-membrane kuphakama ngokukhawuleza, umthamo wamanzi wokuvelisa uyancipha ngokukhawuleza, kwaye umphumo ubonakala emva kokucoca nge-hydrochloric acid.
• Iimeko ezinobungozi obuphezulu: Unyango lwamanzi aphantsi komhlaba, ukuqina okuphezulu kweenkqubo zamanzi akrwada.
• Ungcoliseko lwendalo
• Unobangela: Izinto eziphilayo ezifana ne-humic acid, i-tannin, i-oyile, kunye ne-surfactants emanzini akrwada zinamathela kumphezulu wenwebu, zenze ubumdaka obuncangathi obuvala imijelo yenwebu yenwebu.
• Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo: Umgangatho wamanzi amdaka uyohla (i-TDS iyanda), kwaye idiphozithi encangathi emthubi-mdaka okanye emnyama ibonakala kumphezulu wenwebu. Ezi zinokususwa ngempumelelo emva kokuhlamba i-alkaline.
• Iimeko ezinomngcipheko ophezulu: ukucocwa kwamanzi angaphezulu, iinkqubo zokuphinda zisetyenziswe ngamanzi amdaka kamasipala.
• Usulelo lwebhayoloji
• Unobangela: Iintsholongwane ezinje ngebhaktheriya, umngundo, kunye ne-algae emanzini akrwada ziphindaphindeka kumphezulu wenwebu, zenze i-biofilm. Oku akugcini nje ukuvala i-membrane pores, kodwa kwakhona ifihla iimveliso ze-metabolic ezitshabalalisa amacandelo e-membrane.
• Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo: Imodyuli ye-membrane ikhupha iphunga elingathandekiyo, umthamo wokuvelisa amanzi wehla ngokukhawuleza, kwaye kukho ubuninzi be-microorganisms. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, i-disinfectant kufuneka isetyenziswe kunye nokucoca.
• Iimeko ezinobungozi obuphezulu: Iinkqubo zamanzi akrwada ngaphandle kwezixhobo zokubulala iintsholongwane, iindawo zokusebenza ezifumileyo nezimfiliba.

3. I-4-step standard yokucoca indlela

• Inyathelo 1: Unyango lwangaphambili —— Khupha amanzi amadala kwaye ulungiselele isisombululo sokucoca
• Vala inkqubo ye-osmosis ebuyela umva, vula ivalve yokukhupha amanzi agxininisekileyo, kwaye ukhuphe ngokupheleleyo amanzi akrwada aseleyo kwimodyuli ye-membrane.
• Lungiselela ukucoca i-tank yamanzi kwaye ulungiselele isisombululo sokucoca kwisilinganiselo esimiselweyo (kucetyiswa ukuba usebenzise amanzi adibeneyo okanye amanzi adibeneyo ukuze ugweme ukuzisa ukungcola okutsha):
• Isisombululo sokucoca i-alkali: 0.1 - 0.5% i-sodium hydroxide (NaOH) + 0.05 - 0.1% ye-surfactant (njenge-sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate), enexabiso le-pH elilawulwa kwi-10 - 11;
• Isisombululo se-Pickling: 0.5 - 1% i-citric acid (okanye i-0.2 - 0.5% ye-hydrochloric acid), enexabiso le-pH elilawulwa kwi-2 - 3;

• Inyathelo lesi-2: Ukuhlanjwa kwealkali - Ukufunxwa + Ukujikeleza, ukunyibilikisa ungcoliseko lwendalo/lwebhayoloji
• Faka isisombululo sokucoca i-alkaline elungiselelwe kwi-tank yamanzi yokucoca, uze uyipompe kwimodyuli ye-membrane ngokusebenzisa i-booster pump (ngoxinzelelo lwe-≤ 0.2 MPa) ukuqinisekisa ukuba izinto ze-membrane zifakwe ngokupheleleyo.
• Vala i-valve yokukhupha, yenza umjikelezo wemizuzu engama-30-60 yokucoca. Ngeli xesha, yeka umatshini yonke imizuzu eyi-10 ngemizuzu emi-5 ukuze uvumele isisombululo sokucoca singene ngokupheleleyo kumdaka.
• Emva kokuba umjikelezo ugqityiwe, vula i-valve yokukhupha kwaye ukhuphe ngokupheleleyo isisombululo sokucoca i-alkaline. Hlanza imodyuli ye-membrane ngamanzi acocekileyo ngamaxesha angama-2-3 kude kube yilapho i-effluent ingenayo i-foam okanye iphunga.

• Inyathelo lesi-3: Ukuhlamba i-Acid - Ukujikeleza + I-Neutralization, ukususa isikali se-inorganic
• Inject isisombululo sokucoca i-asidi esilungisiweyo kwaye wenze i-cyclic yokucoca ngoxinzelelo lwe-≤ 0.2 MPa kwi-20 ukuya kwi-40 imizuzu. Ngethuba le nkqubo, kufuneka kubekho i-10-minute yokucwiliswa kwamanzi.
• Gxininisa ekucoceni isiphelo sokungena kwimodyuli ye-membrane (indawo enezinga eligxininisiweyo), kwaye unokwandisa ngokufanelekileyo ixesha lokujikeleza.
• Emva kokuba inkqubo ye-pickling igqityiwe, ngokukhawuleza uhlambulule ngamanzi acocekileyo kuze kube yilapho ixabiso le-pH lamanzi libuyela ekungathathi hlangothi (6.5 - 7.5). Kuphephe ukushiya nayiphi na intsalela yeasidi enokonakalisa izinto zenwebu.

• Inyathelo lesi-4: I-Post-processing-I-pilot run, khangela umphumo wokucoca
• Qala inkqubo ye-osmosis ye-reverse kwaye uqhube uvavanyo oluphantsi loxinzelelo (uxinzelelo lwe-0.3 - 0.5 MPa). Qwalasela izalathisi ezifana nomthamo wamanzi emveliso kunye nesantya sokukhupha ityuwa:
• Ukuba umthamo wokuvelisa amanzi ubuyela ngaphezu kwe-90% yexabiso lokuqala kwaye izinga le-desalination libuyela ngokuqhelekileyo, libonisa ukuba inkqubo yokucoca iphumelele.
• Ukuba umphumo awunelisi, unokuphinda inkqubo "yokuhlamba i-alkali → ukuhlamba i-asidi" kanye. Ungadluli amaxesha ama-2 (ukuhlamba ngokugqithiseleyo kuya kulimaza i-membrane pore ubukhulu).
• Emva kokuvavanywa kweyure enye, linganisa ixabiso le-TDS, izinga lokuhamba kunye nokwahlukana koxinzelelo lwamanzi avelisiweyo, bhala idatha kwaye uyithelekise kunye nedatha ngaphambi kokucoca. Emva koko, misela ifayile yokulondoloza.

Amanqaku aphambili:

• Ukusetyenziswa kwezisombululo zokucoca ezineklorini okanye i-oxidants (ezifana ne-84 disinfectant) zithintelwe ngokungqongqo kuyo yonke le nkqubo, njengoko zinokuthi zifake i-oxidize izinto zefilimu.
• Xa ucoca, uxinzelelo akufanele ludlule i-0.3MPa, kwaye izinga lokuhamba kufuneka lilawulwe kwi-50-70% yezinga lokuhamba elilinganisiweyo ukuphepha impembelelo ephezulu yoxinzelelo kwi-membrane pores.
• Ukuba ungcoliseko lwebhayoloji lunzima, lunokuthi lufakwe kwi-0.1% ye-hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) okanye i-reverse osmosis membrane biocide ekhethekileyo yemizuzu eyi-10 ngaphambi kokuhlamba i-alkali, kwaye ke ukucoca rhoqo kunokuqhutywa.

4. Iingcebiso ezi-3 zokuNciphisa ukuVinjwa kweMembrane

• Yomeleza unyango lwangaphambili lwamanzi akrwada: Faka izihluzi zangaphambili kunye nezihluzo zekhabhoni ezisebenzayo ukususa amasuntswana amakhulu, izinto eziphilayo kunye ne-chlorine eseleyo kumanzi akrwada.
• Lawula iiparamitha zokusebenza: Izinga lokubuyisela liyacetyiswa ukuba ligcinwe ngaphantsi kwe-75%. Gcoba rhoqo iimodyuli ze-membrane (gungxula imizuzu emi-5 ngaphambi kokuqalisa nganye kunye nemizuzu eyi-10 emva kokuvalwa).
• Ukugcinwa rhoqo: Coca kanye kwiinyanga ezi-3-6 (iindawo ezingcoliseke kakhulu zifuna ukucocwa kanye kwiinyanga ezi-1-2). Ngethuba lokuvala ixesha elide, gcoba iimodyuli ze-membrane kwi-1% yesisombululo se-sodium bisulfite ukukhusela ukukhula kwe-microorganisms.

5. Kule meko, kuyacetyiswa ukuba utshintshe izinto ze-membrane ngokuthe ngqo!

• Ukuba kukho naziphi na iimeko ezilandelayo ezenzekayo, oko kubonisa ukuba i-membrane element ifumene umonakalo ongenakuguqulwa kwaye ukucoca akukwazi ukuyibuyisela. Kuyimfuneko ukuyibuyisela ngokukhawuleza:
• Emva kokucoca, ukuphuma kwamanzi kusekho ngaphantsi kwe-70% yexabiso lokuqala, kwaye izinga le-desalination liye lancipha ngaphezu kwe-10%.
• Amacandelo e-membrane afumene umonakalo okanye ukuvuza (kufunyenwe ngovavanyo loxinzelelo);
• Izinto ze-membrane zinobomi benkonzo obudlula iminyaka emi-3 (ubomi obuqhelekileyo), kodwa ukusebenza kwabo kuyaqhubeka nokuwohloka.