Lisosa le litharollo tsa ho koala li-membrane tsa reverse osmosis

1. 3 Matšoao a Temoso ea Reverse Osmosis Membrane Blockage.

• Palo ea tlhahiso e fokotsehile ho feta 10% ha e bapisoa le boleng ba pele, 'me khatello e eketsehile haholo.
• Sekhahla sa ho ntša letsoai se theohile ka 5%, 'me kakaretso ea lintho tse thata tse qhibilihisitsoeng (TDS) ea metsi a hlahisoang e ile ea phahama haholo.
• Ha phapang ea khatello ea mojule oa membrane e feta 0.07 MPa, lerata la ts'ebetso lea phahama.

2. 3 Mefuta e Tloaelehileng ea Tšilafalo.

• Tšilafalo ea tlhaho (e tloaelehileng haholo)
• Sesosa: Calcium le magnesium ion, carbonates, sulfates, iron and manganese ions, joalo-joalo tse teng ka har'a metsi a tala a metsi ka holim'a lera e le sekala (joaloka calcium carbonate le barium sulfate), haholo-holo ha sekhahla sa ho hlaphoheloa se phahame haholo 'me mocheso oa metsi o fapana haholo, ketsahalo ena e atisa ho etsahala.
• Matšoao a tloaelehileng: Phapang ea khatello ea mojule oa membrane e phahama ka potlako, bophahamo ba metsi a tlhahiso bo fokotseha butle, 'me phello e bonahala ka mor'a ho hloekisa ka hydrochloric acid.
• Maemo a kotsi e kholo: Phekolo ea metsi a ka tlas'a lefatše, tsamaiso ea metsi a tala a thata haholo.
• Tšilafalo ea lintho tse phelang
• Sesosa: Lintho tse phelang tse kang humic acid, tannin, oli le li-surfactants tse ka metsing a tala li khomarela lera, 'me li etsa litšila tse khomarelang tse koalang masoba a lera.
• Matšoao a tloaelehileng: Boleng ba metsi a litšila boa senyeha (TDS ea eketseha), 'me ho na le li-deposit tse bosootho bo mosehla kapa tse ntšo holim'a lera. Tsena li ka tlosoa ka katleho ka mor'a ho hlatsoa alkaline.
• Maemo a kotsi haholo: kalafo ea metsi a holim'a metsi, lits'ebetso tsa ts'ebeliso ea metsi a litšila tsa masepala.
• Tšilafalo ea lintho tse phelang
• Sesosa: Likokoana-hloko tse kang libaktheria, li-fungus, le bolele ka metsing a tala li ngatafala holim'a lera, li etsa biofilm. Sena ha se koale li-membrane pores feela empa se boetse se hlahisa lihlahisoa tsa metabolism tse senyang likarolo tsa lera.
• Matšoao a tloaelehileng: Mojule oa lera o ntša monko o sa thabiseng, molumo oa tlhahiso ea metsi o theoha haholo, 'me ho na le palo e feteletseng ea likokoana-hloko. Maemong a joalo, sebolaea likokoana-hloko se lokela ho sebelisoa hammoho le ho hloekisa.
• Maemo a kotsi e kholo: Lisebelisoa tsa metsi a tala a se nang lisebelisoa tsa ho bolaea likokoana-hloko, libaka tsa ts'ebetso tse mongobo le tse lerootho.

3. 4-mohato o tloaelehileng oa ho hloekisa mokhoa

• Mohato oa Pele: Phekolo ea pele —— Hlakola metsi a khale 'me u lokise tharollo ea ho hloekisa
• Koala sisteme ea reverse osmosis, bula valve ea ho ntša metsi bakeng sa metsi a teteaneng, 'me u ntše metsi a tala a setseng ho mojule oa membrane.
• Lokisetsa ho hloekisa tanka ea metsi le ho lokisa tharollo ea ho hloekisa ka tekanyo e behiloeng (ho kgothaletswa ho sebelisa metsi a hloekisitsoeng kapa metsi a silafetseng ho qoba ho hlahisa litšila tse ncha):
• Tharollo ea ho hloekisa alkali: 0.1 - 0.5% sodium hydroxide (NaOH) + 0.05 - 0.1% surfactant (e kang sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate), e nang le pH ea bohlokoa e laoloang ho 10 - 11;
• Tharollo ea Pickling: 0.5 - 1% citric acid (kapa 0.2 - 0.5% hydrochloric acid), e nang le pH ea bohlokoa e laoloang ho 2 - 3;

• Mohato oa 2: Ho hlatsoa alkali - Ho kolobisa + Ho potoloha, ho qhaqha tšilafalo ea tlhaho / ea likokoana-hloko
• Kenya tharollo e lokiselitsoeng ea ho hloekisa alkaline ka tanka ea metsi a hloekisang, ebe o e pompa ka har'a mojule oa membrane ka pompo ea booster (ka khatello ea ≤ 0.2 MPa) ho etsa bonnete ba hore likarolo tsa membrane li qoelisoa ka botlalo.
• Koala valve ea ho ntša metsi, etsa potoloho ea metsotso e 30-60 ea ho hloekisa. Nakong ena, emisa mochine metsotso e meng le e meng ea 10 bakeng sa soak ea metsotso e 5 ho lumella tharollo ea ho hloekisa hore e kene ka ho feletseng litšila.
• Ka mor'a hore potoloho e phethoe, bula valve ea ho ntša metsi 'me u tšolle ka ho feletseng tharollo ea ho hloekisa alkaline. Hlatsoa mochini oa membrane ka metsi a hloekileng makhetlo a 2-3 ho fihlela mokelikeli o se na foam kapa monko.

• Mohato oa 3: Ho hlatsoa asiti - Ho potoloha + Neutralization, ho tlosa sekala sa inorganic
• Inject tharollo e lokiselitsoeng ea ho hloekisa acid le ho hloekisa cyclic ka khatello ea ≤ 0.2 MPa bakeng sa metsotso e 20 ho isa ho e 40. Nakong ea ts'ebetso ena, ho lokela ho ba le nako ea metsotso e 10 ea ho noa.
• Tsepamisa maikutlo ho hloekiseng pheletso ea mojule oa membrane (sebaka se nang le sekala se tebileng), 'me u ka eketsa nako ea ho potoloha ka nepo.
• Kamora hore ts'ebetso ea pickling e phethoe, hang-hang hlatsoa ka metsi a hloekileng ho fihlela boleng ba pH ba metsi bo khutlela ho se nke lehlakore (6.5 - 7.5). Qoba ho siea masala leha e le afe a asiti a ka senyang likarolo tsa lera.

• Mohato oa 4: Ho sebetsa ka mor'a - Pilot run, hlahloba phello ea ho hloekisa
• Qala tsamaiso ea reverse osmosis 'me u etse tlhahlobo e tlaase ea khatello (khatello ea 0.3 - 0.5 MPa). Ela hloko matšoao a joalo ka bophahamo ba metsi a hlahisoang le sekhahla sa ho ntša letsoai.
• Haeba bophahamo ba tlhahiso ea metsi bo khutlela ho feta 90% ea boleng ba pele 'me sekhahla sa ho ntša letsoai se khutlela ho se tloaelehileng, ho bontša hore mokhoa oa ho hloekisa o atlehile.
• Haeba phello e sa khotsofatse, o ka pheta mokhoa oa "ho hlatsoa alkali → ho hlatsoa acid" hang. U se ke ua feta makhetlo a 2 (ho hlatsoa ho feteletseng ho tla senya lera la pore ea boholo).
• Ka mor'a teko ea teko ea hora e le 'ngoe, lekanya boleng ba TDS, sekhahla sa phallo le phapang ea khatello ea metsi a hlahisoang, ngola lintlha le ho li bapisa le lintlha pele u hloekisa. Ebe, theha faele ea tlhokomelo.

Lintlha tsa bohlokoa:

• Ts'ebeliso ea litharollo tsa ho hloekisa tse nang le chlorine kapa li-oxidants (joalo ka sebolaea likokoana-hloko tse 84) li thibetsoe ka thata nakong eohle ea ts'ebetso, kaha li ka etsa oxidize likarolo tsa filimi.
• Ha u hloekisa, khatello ha ea lokela ho feta 0.3MPa, 'me tekanyo ea phallo e lokela ho laoloa ho 50-70% ea tekanyo ea phallo e lekantsoeng ho qoba tšusumetso e phahameng ea khatello ho li-membrane pores.
• Haeba tšilafalo ea likokoana-hloko e le matla, e ka kenngoa ka 0.1% hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) kapa biocide e khethehileng ea reverse osmosis membrane bakeng sa metsotso e 10 pele ho hlatsoa alkaline, ebe ho hloekisa kamehla ho ka etsoa.

4. Malebela a 3 a ho Fokotsa ho Thibela Membrane

• Matlafatsa kalafo ea metsi a tala esale pele: Kenya li-pre-filters le li-filters tsa khabone tse kentsoeng ho tlosa likaroloana tse kholo, lintho tse phelang le chlorine e setseng metsing a tala.
• Laola likarolo tsa ts'ebetso: Sekhahla sa ho hlaphoheloa se khothaletsoa ho bolokoa ka tlase ho 75%. Hlatsoa khafetsa li-membrane modules (hlakola metsotso e 5 pele o qala le metsotso e 10 kamora ho koala).
• Tlhokomelo ea kamehla: Hloekisa hang ka mor'a likhoeli tse 3-6 (libaka tse silafetseng haholo li hloka ho hloekisoa hang ka mor'a likhoeli tse 1-2). Nakong ea ho koala nako e telele, qoelisa li-membrane modules ka tharollo ea sodium bisulfite ea 1% ho thibela ho hōla ha likokoana-hloko.

5. Maemong ana, ho kgothaletswa hore o nkele sebaka sa membrane ka kotloloho!

• Haeba leha e le efe ea maemo a latelang e etsahala, e bontša hore membrane element e senyehile ka mokhoa o ke keng oa etsolloa 'me ho hloekisa ho ke ke ha khona ho e tsosolosa. Hoa hlokahala ho e nkela sebaka hang-hang:
• Kamora ho hloekisa, tlhahiso ea metsi e ntse e le ka tlase ho 70% ea boleng ba pele, mme sekhahla sa desalination se fokotsehile ho feta 10%.
• Likarolo tsa membrane li senyehile kapa li lutla (tse fumanoeng ka tlhahlobo ea khatello);
• Lintho tsa membrane li na le bophelo ba ts'ebeletso bo fetang lilemo tse 3 (nako e tloaelehileng ea bophelo), empa ts'ebetso ea bona e ntse e mpefala.