Izimbangela nezixazululo zokuvala izakhi zolwelwesi lwe-osmosis reverse

1. Izimpawu Ezi-3 Eziyisixwayiso Zokuvinjelwa Kwe-Reverse Osmosis Membrane.

• Umthamo wokukhiqiza wehle ngaphezu kwe-10% uma kuqhathaniswa nenani lokuqala, futhi ukucindezela kuye kwanda kakhulu.
• Izinga lokukhishwa kukasawoti emanzini lehle ngo-5%, futhi inani eliphelele lezinto eziqinile ezincibilikisiwe (TDS) lamanzi akhiqiziwe lenyuka kakhulu.
• Lapho umehluko wengcindezi wemojula ye-membrane udlula i-0.07 MPa, umsindo wokusebenza uba mkhulu.

2. 3 Izinhlobo Ezivamile Zokungcolisa.

• Ukungcola okungaphili (okuvame kakhulu)
• Imbangela: I-calcium ne-magnesium ion, i-carbonates, i-sulfate, i-iron nama-manganese ion, njll. ekhona endaweni yokugcina amanzi eluhlaza kulwelwesi olungaphezulu njengesikali (njenge-calcium carbonate ne-barium sulfate), ikakhulukazi uma izinga lokubuyisela liphezulu kakhulu futhi izinga lokushisa lamanzi lihluka kakhulu, lesi simo sivame ukwenzeka.
• Izimpawu ezijwayelekile: Umehluko wengcindezi wemojula ye-membrane ukhuphuka ngokushesha, umthamo wamanzi okhiqizwayo wehla kancane, futhi umphumela ubonakala ngemuva kokuhlanza nge-hydrochloric acid.
• Izimo ezinobungozi obukhulu: Ukwelashwa kwamanzi angaphansi komhlaba, izinhlelo zamanzi aluhlaza ezinobunzima obukhulu.
• Ukungcola okuphilayo
• Imbangela: Izinto eziphilayo ezifana ne-humic acid, i-tannin, uwoyela, nezinto eziphuma emanzini aluhlaza zinamathela kulwelwesi, zenze ukungcola okunamathelayo okuvala imigudu yembotshana yolwelwesi.
• Izimpawu ezijwayelekile: Izinga lamanzi angcolile liyawohloka (i-TDS iyanda), futhi amadiphozithi anamathelayo aphuzi ngokuphuzi noma amnyama avela kulwelwesi. Lezi zingasuswa ngokuphumelelayo ngemva kokugeza i-alkaline.
• Izimo ezinobungozi obukhulu: ukuhlanzwa kwamanzi angaphezulu, amasistimu okusebenzisa amanzi angcolile kamasipala.
• Ukungcola kwezinto eziphilayo
• Imbangela: Izilwanyana ezincane ezifana nebhaktheriya, isikhunta, nolwelwe emanzini aluhlaza ziyaphindaphindeka kulwelwesi lwangaphandle, zenze i-biofilm. Lokhu akugcini nje ngokuvala izimbotshana ze-membrane kodwa futhi kukhiqiza imikhiqizo ye-metabolic edla izingxenye ze-membrane.
• Izimpawu ezijwayelekile: Imojula ye-membrane ikhipha iphunga elibi, umthamo wokukhiqiza amanzi wehla kakhulu, futhi kunenani eliningi kakhulu lama-microorganisms. Ezimweni ezinjalo, isibulala-magciwane kufanele sisetshenziswe kanye nokuhlanza.
• Izimo ezinobungozi obukhulu: Amasistimu wamanzi aluhlaza ngaphandle kwemishini yokubulala amagciwane, izindawo zokusebenza ezimanzi nezilufifi.

3. Isinyathelo esi-4 indlela yokuhlanza ejwayelekile

• Isinyathelo 1: Ukwelashwa kwangaphambili —— Khipha amanzi amadala bese ulungisa ikhambi lokuhlanza
• Vala isistimu ye-osmosis ebuyela emuva, vula i-valve yokukhipha amanzi agxilile, futhi ukhiphe ngokuphelele amanzi aluhlaza asele kumojula yolwelwesi.
• Lungiselela ukuhlanza ithangi lamanzi futhi ulungise isisombululo sokuhlanza ngesilinganiso esinqunyiwe (kunconywa ukusebenzisa amanzi angcolile noma amanzi ahlutshiwe ukuze ugweme ukwethula ukungcola okusha):
• Isixazululo sokuhlanza i-alkali: 0.1 - 0.5% sodium hydroxide (NaOH) + 0.05 - 0.1% i-surfactant (njenge-sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate), enenani le-pH elilawulwa ku-10 - 11;
• Isixazululo se-Pickling: 0.5 - 1% citric acid (noma 0.2 - 0.5% hydrochloric acid), enenani le-pH elilawulwa ku-2 - 3;

• Isinyathelo sesi-2: Ukugeza nge-alkali - Ukucwiliswa + Ukujikeleza, ukuncibilikisa ukungcola kwe-organic/biological
• Jova isixazululo esilungisiwe sokuhlanza i-alkaline ethangini lamanzi okuhlanza, bese ulupompa kumojula ye-membrane ngokusebenzisa iphampu ye-booster (enengcindezi engu-≤ 0.2 MPa) ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi izakhi ze-membrane zicwile ngokuphelele.
• Vala i-valve yokukhipha, yenza umjikelezo wemizuzu engu-30-60 yokuhlanza. Ngalesi sikhathi, misa umshini njalo ngemizuzu eyi-10 ukuze ucwiliswe imizuzu emi-5 ukuze uvumele isisombululo sokuhlanza singene ngokuphelele ekungcoleni.
• Ngemuva kokuthi umjikelezo usuqedile, vula i-valve yokukhipha futhi ukhiphe ngokuphelele isisombululo sokuhlanza i-alkaline. Hlanza i-membrane module ngamanzi ahlanzekile izikhathi ezingu-2-3 kuze kube yilapho ukungcola kungenagwebu noma iphunga.

• Isinyathelo sesi-3: Ukugeza i-Acid - Ukujikeleza + Neutralization, ukususa isikali se-inorganic
• Isebenzisa isisombululo sokuhlanza i-asidi esilungisiwe futhi wenze ukuhlanza kwe-cyclic ngengcindezi ye-≤ 0.2 MPa imizuzu engu-20 kuya ku-40. Phakathi nale nqubo, kufanele kube nesikhawu sokucwilisa imizuzu eyi-10.
• Gxila ekuhlanzeni ukuphela kwe-inlet yemojula ye-membrane (indawo enesilinganiso esigxilile), futhi ungakwazi ukunweba ngokufanele isikhathi sokujikeleza.
• Ngemuva kokuthi inqubo yokukhetha isiqediwe, hlambulula ngokushesha ngamanzi ahlanzekile kuze kube yilapho inani le-pH lamanzi libuyela ekungathathi hlangothi (6.5 - 7.5). Gwema ukushiya noma yiziphi izinsalela ze-asidi ezingase zonakalise izakhi zolwelwesi.

• Isinyathelo sesi-4: Ukucubungula ngemuva - Ukugijima komshayeli, hlola umphumela wokuhlanza
• Qala uhlelo lwe-osmosis ehlehlayo bese uqhuba ukuhlolwa kokucindezela okuphansi (ingcindezi engu-0.3 - 0.5 MPa). Bheka izinkomba ezifana nomthamo wamanzi akhiqizwayo kanye nezinga lokukhishwa kukasawoti emanzini:
• Uma umthamo wokukhiqiza amanzi ubuyela ngaphezu kuka-90% yenani lokuqala futhi izinga lokukhipha usawoti emanzini libuyela kokujwayelekile, libonisa ukuthi inqubo yokuhlanza ibe yimpumelelo.
• Uma umphumela ungagculisi, ungaphinda inqubo "yokugeza i-alkali → ukugeza i-asidi" kanye. Ungadluli izikhathi ezi-2 (ukugeza ngokweqile kuzolimaza usayizi we-membrane pore).
• Ngemva kokuhlolwa kwehora elilodwa, linganisa inani le-TDS, izinga lokugeleza kanye nomehluko wokucindezela kwamanzi akhiqiziwe, rekhoda idatha bese uyiqhathanisa nedatha ngaphambi kokuhlanza. Bese, sungula ifayela lokulungisa.

Amanothi abalulekile:

• Ukusetshenziswa kwezixazululo zokuhlanza eziqukethe i-chlorine noma ama-oxidants (njenge-disinfectant engama-84) akuvunyelwe ngokuphelele kuyo yonke inqubo, njengoba zingase zifake izakhi zefilimu.
• Lapho uhlanza, ingcindezi akufanele idlule i-0.3MPa, futhi izinga lokugeleza kufanele lilawulwe ku-50-70% yezinga lokugeleza elilinganiselwe ukugwema umthelela wokucindezela okuphezulu kuma-membrane pores.
• Uma ukungcoliswa kwezinto eziphilayo kubi kakhulu, kungacwiliswa ku-0.1% ye-hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) noma i-biocide ekhethekile ye-osmosis membrane ye-biocide imizuzu engu-10 ngaphambi kokuwashwa kwe-alkali, bese kuhlanzwa njalo.

4. Amathiphu angu-3 Okunciphisa Ukuvinjelwa Kwe-Membrane

• Qinisa ukwelashwa kwangaphambili kwamanzi aluhlaza: Faka izihlungi zangaphambili kanye nezihlungi zekhabhoni ezicushiwe ukuze ususe izinhlayiya ezinkulu, izinto eziphilayo kanye ne-chlorine esele emanzini aluhlaza.
• Lawula amapharamitha okusebenza: Izinga lokubuyisela liyanconywa ukuthi ligcinwe lingaphansi kwama-75%. Hlanza amamojula we-membrane njalo (washayela imizuzu emi-5 ngaphambi kokuqala ngakunye kanye nemizuzu eyi-10 ngemuva kokuvalwa).
• Ukunakekela okuvamile: Hlanza kanye njalo ezinyangeni ezi-3-6 (izindawo ezingcoliswe kakhulu zidinga ukuhlanzwa kanye njalo ezinyangeni ezi-1-2). Ngesikhathi sokuvala isikhathi eside, cwilisa amamojula we-membrane kusisombululo se-sodium bisulfite esingu-1% ukuvimbela ukukhula kwama-microorganisms.

5. Kulezi zimo, kunconywa ukufaka esikhundleni sezakhi ze-membrane ngokuqondile!

• Uma kwenzeka noma yisiphi kulezi zimo ezilandelayo, kukhombisa ukuthi i-elementi ye-membrane ibe nomonakalo ongenakulungiseka futhi ukuhlanzwa akukwazi ukukubuyisela. Kuyadingeka ukuyishintsha ngokushesha:
• Ngemuva kokuhlanza, ukuphuma kwamanzi kusahlala ngaphansi kwama-70% yenani lokuqala, futhi izinga lokukhipha usawoti emanzini lehla ngaphezu kwe-10%.
• Izingxenye ze-membrane zibe nomonakalo noma ukuvuza (kutholwe ngokuhlolwa kwengcindezi);
• Izakhi ze-membrane zinempilo yesevisi engaphezu kweminyaka emi-3 (isikhathi sokuphila esivamile), kodwa ukusebenza kwazo kuyaqhubeka nokuwohloka.