Ihe na-akpata na ngwọta maka clogging nke reverse osmosis membrane ọcha

1. Ihe ịrịba ama ịdọ aka ná ntị 3 nke mgbachi azụ Osmosis Membrane.

• Olu mmepụta ebelatala karịa 10% ma e jiri ya tụnyere uru mbụ, na nrụgide abawanyela nke ukwuu.
• Ọnụego mkpochapụ ahụ gbadara site na 5%, na ngụkọta gbazere solids (TDS) uru nke mmiri emepụtara bilitere nke ọma.
• Mgbe ọdịiche nrụgide nke modul akpụkpọ ahụ karịrị 0.07 MPa, ụda ọrụ na-ada ụda.

2. 3 Ụdị Mmetọ Na-emekarị.

• Mmetọ inorganic (nke a na-ahụkarị)
• Ihe kpatara: Calcium na magnesium ion, carbonates, sulfates, iron na manganese ion, wdg dị na mmiri mmiri na-edozi ahụ n'elu akpụkpọ ahụ dị ka ọnụ ọgụgụ (dị ka calcium carbonate na barium sulfate), karịsịa mgbe ọnụego mgbake dị oke elu na mmiri okpomọkụ dịgasị iche iche, ihe a na-adịkarị mfe ime.
• Ihe mgbaàmà ndị a na-ahụkarị: Ọdịiche nrụgide nke modul akpụkpọ ahụ na-ebili ngwa ngwa, mmepụta mmiri mmepụta na-ebelata nwayọọ nwayọọ, mmetụta ahụ pụtara ìhè mgbe ihichasịrị na hydrochloric acid.
• Ọnọdụ dị oke egwu: Ọgwụgwọ mmiri dị n'ime ala, sistemu mmiri siri ike siri ike.
• Organic mmetọ
• Ihe kpatara ya: Ihe ndị na-emepụta ihe dị ka humic acid, tannin, mmanụ, na ihe ndị na-emepụta mmiri na-adabere na akpụkpọ ahụ, na-eme unyi na-egbuke egbuke nke na-ekpuchi ọwa akpụkpọ ahụ.
• Ihe mgbaàmà ndị a na-ahụkarị: Ogo mmiri na-asọ asọ na-akawanye njọ (TDS na-abawanye), na nkwụnye edo edo-aja aja ma ọ bụ nwa nnyapade na-apụta n'elu akpụkpọ ahụ. Enwere ike iwepụ ihe ndị a nke ọma mgbe ịsachara alkaline.
• Ọnọdụ dị oke egwu: ọgwụgwọ mmiri dị n'elu, sistemu mmiri mkpofu nke ime obodo.
• Mmetọ ndu
• Ihe kpatara ya: Microorganisms dị ka nje bacteria, fungi, na algae dị n'ime mmiri dị ndụ na-amụba n'elu akpụkpọ ahụ, na-eme biofilm. Ọ bụghị naanị na nke a na-egbochi pores akpụkpọ ahụ kamakwa ọ na-ezobe ngwaahịa metabolic nke na-emebi akụkụ akpụkpọ ahụ.
• Ihe mgbaàmà ndị a na-ahụkarị: Igwe mkpuchi akpụkpọ ahụ na-ewepụta ísì na-adịghị mma, mmepụta mmiri na-adaba nke ọma, yana ọnụ ọgụgụ dị ukwuu nke microorganisms. N'ọnọdụ ndị dị otú ahụ, a ga-eji ọgwụ nje eme ihe na-ejikọta ya na nhicha.
• Ọnọdụ ihe egwu dị elu: Sistemụ mmiri ọkụ na-enweghị ngwaọrụ disinfection, gburugburu ebe na-arụ ọrụ mmiri na-adịghị ahụkebe.

3. Usoro nhicha ọkọlọtọ 4-nzọụkwụ

• Kwụpụ 1: Ọgwụgwọ tupu ọgwụgwọ -- Ghichaa mmiri ochie ahụ ma dozie ngwọta ihicha
• Mechie sistemu osmosis reverse, meghee valvụ mwepu maka mmiri etinyere ya, wee kpochapu mmiri nke fọdụrụ kpamkpam na modul akpụkpọ ahụ.
• Kwadebe ihicha tank mmiri ma dozie ngwọta nhicha n'ime usoro a na-atụ aro (a na-atụ aro ka iji mmiri deionized ma ọ bụ mmiri distilled iji zere iwebata adịghị ọcha ọhụrụ):
• Ngwọta ihicha Alkali: 0.1 - 0.5% sodium hydroxide (NaOH) + 0.05 - 0.1% surfactant (dị ka sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate), na pH uru na-achịkwa na 10 - 11;
• Ngwọta pickling: 0.5 - 1% citric acid (ma ọ bụ 0.2 - 0.5% hydrochloric acid), na-achịkwa pH uru na 2 - 3;

• Kwụpụ 2: ịsacha Alkali - Ntugharị + okirikiri, iji gbarie mmetọ organic/ndụ
• Tinye ihe ngwọta nke alkaline a kwadebere n'ime tank mmiri dị ọcha, wee gbanye ya n'ime modul akpụkpọ ahụ site na mgbapụta nkwalite (na nrụgide nke ≤ 0.2 MPa) iji hụ na ihe ndị na-emepụta akpụkpọ anụ na-ejupụta kpamkpam.
• Mechie valvụ mwụpụ, mee okirikiri nke 30-60 nkeji nke nhicha. N'ime oge a, kwụsị igwe kwa nkeji 10 ọ bụla maka nkeji 5 iji mee ka ihe nhicha ahụ banye n'ime unyi zuru oke.
• Mgbe okirikiri ahụ mechara, mepee valvụ mwepu ma kpochapu ihe ngwọta nke alkaline kpamkpam. Jiri mmiri dị ọcha sachaa modul akpụkpọ ahụ ugboro 2-3 ruo mgbe ihe na-esi na ya enweghị ụfụfụ ma ọ bụ isi.

• Kwụpụ 3: ịsacha acid - Mgbanwe + Neutralization, iji wepụ ọnụ ọgụgụ inorganic
• Igbanye ngwọta nhicha acid a kwadebere ma mee nhicha cyclic na nrụgide nke ≤ 0.2 MPa maka nkeji 20 ruo 40. N'ime usoro a, a ga-enwe nkeji iri nkeji iri.
• Lekwasị anya na ihicha njedebe ntinye nke modul akpụkpọ ahụ (mpaghara nwere ọnụ ọgụgụ na-etinye uche), ma ị nwere ike ịgbatị oge mgbasa ozi nke ọma.
• Mgbe usoro pickling mechara, kpochaa ya ozugbo na mmiri dị ọcha ruo mgbe uru pH nke mmiri na-alaghachi na-anọpụ iche (6.5 - 7.5). Zere ịhapụ ihe ọ bụla acid fọdụrụ nwere ike imebi ihe ndị mejupụtara akpụkpọ ahụ.

• Nzọụkwụ 4: Post-processing - Pilot na-agba ọsọ, lelee mmetụta ihicha
• Malite usoro osmosis na-agbanwe ma na-eduzi ule ule dị ala (nrụgide 0.3 - 0.5 MPa). Leba anya n'ihe ngosi dị ka mmepụta oke mmiri na ọnụ ahịa asacha:
• Ọ bụrụ na olu mmepụta mmiri na-alaghachi karịa 90% nke uru mbụ na ọnụ ọgụgụ nkwụsịtụ na-alaghachi na nkịtị, ọ na-egosi na usoro nhicha ahụ na-aga nke ọma.
• Ọ bụrụ na mmetụta ahụ adịghị mma, ị nwere ike ịmegharị usoro "alkali washing → acid wash" otu ugboro. Agafela ugboro 2 (ịsacha nke ukwuu ga-emebi nha nke akpụkpọ ahụ).
• Mgbe otu elekere gachara ule, tụọ uru TDS, ọnụego nrịba na nrụgide nrụgide nke mmiri emepụtara, dekọọ data wee jiri ya tụnyere data tupu ihicha. Mgbe ahụ, guzobe faịlụ mmezi.

Isi ndetu:

• A machibidoro iji ngwọta ihicha nwere chlorine ma ọ bụ oxidants (dị ka 84 disinfectant) n'oge usoro ahụ niile, n'ihi na ha nwere ike oxidize ihe nkiri ahụ.
• Mgbe ị na-ehicha ya, nrụgide ahụ ekwesịghị ịfe 0.3MPa, a ga-ejikwa ọnụ ọgụgụ na-agba ọsọ na 50-70% nke ọnụ ọgụgụ na-agba ọsọ iji zere mmetụta dị elu na pores akpụkpọ ahụ.
• Ọ bụrụ na mmetọ ndu ahụ siri ike, enwere ike itinye ya na 0.1% hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) ma ọ bụ ihe mgbochi osmosis akpụkpọ anụ pụrụ iche maka nkeji 10 tupu ịsacha alkaline, mgbe ahụ enwere ike ime nhicha mgbe niile.

4. Ndụmọdụ 3 iji belata nkwụsị nke Membrane

• Mee ka usoro ọgwụgwọ nke mmiri raw sie sie ike: Wụnye ihe nzacha tupu yana ihe nzacha carbon arụ ọrụ iji wepụ nnukwu irighiri ihe, ihe ndị na-emepụta ihe na chlorine fọdụrụnụ n'ime mmiri dị ọcha.
• Jikwaa paramita arụ ọrụ: A na-atụ aro ka idobe ọnụego mgbake n'okpuru 75%. Na-asachapụ modul akpụkpọ ahụ mgbe niile (na-agbanye maka nkeji 5 tupu mmalite ọ bụla na nkeji 10 ka emechiri).
• Nlekọta oge niile: Na-asachapụ otu ugboro kwa ọnwa 3-6 (ebe ndị mmetọ nke ukwuu na-achọ ihicha otu ugboro kwa ọnwa 1-2). N'oge nkwụsị ogologo oge, gbanye modul akpụkpọ ahụ na ngwọta 1% sodium bisulfite iji gbochie uto nke microorganisms.

5. N'okwu ndị a, a na-atụ aro ka dochie ihe ndị ahụ akpụkpọ anụ ozugbo!

• Ọ bụrụ na nke ọ bụla n'ime ọnọdụ ndị a mere, ọ na-egosi na akụkụ ahụ akpụkpọ ahụ enweela mmebi na-enweghị ike ịgbagha na nhicha enweghị ike iweghachi ya. Ọ dị mkpa iji dochie ya ozugbo:
• Mgbe ihichachara, mmiri na-emepụta ka na-adị n'okpuru 70% nke uru mbụ, na ọnụ ọgụgụ nke desalination belatara karịa 10%.
• Ihe mejupụtara akpụkpọ ahụ ahụ enweela mmebi ma ọ bụ ntapu (achọpụtara site na nnwale nrụgide);
• Ihe ndị mejupụtara akpụkpọ ahụ nwere ndụ ọrụ karịrị afọ 3 (ndụ a na-emekarị), mana arụmọrụ ha na-aga n'ihu na-akawanye njọ.