Iteknoloji ye-membrane yonyango lwamanzi
Itekhnoloji ye-membrane yonyango lwamanzi (i-ultrafiltration, nanofiltration, reverse osmosis) ibonelela ngohlalutyo olunzulu lwezinto eziluncedo kunye nezingeloncedo.
Yonke imisebenzi yabantu ibotshelelwe ngokuntsonkothileyo emanzini. Njengoko abantu behlabathi besanda, ngokunjalo nomthamo wamanzi amdaka aveliswa kumacandelo asekhaya, amashishini, kunye nezolimo. Ngelishwa, ubutyebi bamanzi acwengileyo bunokuphela kwaye abuyenziwa ngokwaneleyo ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ezikhulayo. Lo mahluko ukhokelele kulwabiwo olungalinganiyo kunye nokhuphiswano olumandla lwemithombo yamanzi ahlaziyekileyo enyiniweyo kwihlabathi jikelele. Izigidi zabantu azifikeleli kumanzi okusela akhuselekileyo, kwaye imveliso yezolimo iyancipha ngenxa yokunqongophala kwamanzi.
(RO, Reverse Osmosis system)
Reverse Osmosis (RO):
Izinto eziluncedo:
u RO isusa phantse zonke izinto ezinyityilisiweyo, kubandakanywa ii-microbes.
u Iyasebenza ekususeni iiminerali eziyingozi njengetyuwa kunye nelothe.
I-RO membranes ingasetyenziselwa ukukhupha ityuwa.
Izinto ezingeloncedo:
U-RO ikwasusa iiminerali ezisempilweni njenge-calcium kunye ne-magnesium.
u Isebenza kuxinzelelo oluphezulu, olukhokelela ekwandeni kokusetyenziswa kwamandla.
Ii-membrane ze-RO zisengozini yokungcola kwaye zifuna ukugcinwa.
(Inkqubo yoHluzo yeUltra)
Uhluzo lweUltrafitration (UF):
Izinto eziluncedo:
I-UF iyasebenza ekususeni izinto eziqinileyo, iibhaktheriya, kunye neemolekyuli ezinkulu.
u Isebenza kwiingcinezelo eziphantsi xa kuthelekiswa ne-RO, okubangela ukonga amandla.
Iimbrane ze-UF zomelele kwaye zinobomi obude.
Izinto ezingeloncedo:
I-UF ayisusi iikhompawundi ezinyityilisiweyo okanye iiyoni.
u Isenokufuna unyango lwangaphambili ukunqanda ukungcola.
u Ubungakanani bepore yeembumba ze-UF bunokwahluka, buchaphazela ukukhetha kwabo.
(Inkqubo yeNanofiltration)
Nanofiltration (NF):
Izinto eziluncedo:
I-NF iphelisa ngokufanelekileyo ukungcola, intlenga, kunye nokungcola kweekhemikhali.
u Iyakwazi ukususa ngokukhetha ii-ion zedivalent ngelixa ivumela iiyoni ze-monovalent ukuba zidlule.
Ii-membrane ze-NF zinezinga eliphezulu lokunyuka xa kuthelekiswa ne-RO.
Izinto ezingeloncedo:
u-NF ayisusi iikhompawundi ezinyityilisiweyo ngokupheleleyo.
u Isenokufuna unyango lwangaphambili.
u Eminye imingeni ithintela ukwamkelwa ngokubanzi kobuchwepheshe beNF.
Isishwankathelo, ngelixa i-RO igqwesa ekususeni ungcoliseko olubanzi kunye nokukhutshwa kwetyuwa, i-UF ibonelela ngeendleko ezifanelekileyo, izinto ezahlukeneyo, kunye nokugcinwa kwezimbiwa eziluncedo. Ukhetho phakathi kwezi zibini luxhomekeke kwiimfuno ezithile zokucocwa kwamanzi kunye nezinto eziphambili.
Kutheni le nto kufuneka sikhuthaze uphuhliso lwetekhnoloji ye-osmosis ebuyela umva:
Ukunqongophala kwamanzi: Bamalunga neebhiliyoni ezine zabantu, phantse isibini kwisithathu sabemi behlabathi, bajamelene nokunqongophala okunzulu kwamanzi ubuncinane inyanga enye ngonyaka. Itekhnoloji ye-RO inokunceda ukulungisa lo mba, ngakumbi kwimimandla eyomileyo nakwiziqithi.
Ukukhutshwa kwetyuwa kumanzi olwandleI-Reverse osmosis idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekukhutshweni kwetyuwa emanzini olwandle. Nge-RO, sinokuguqula amanzi olwandle abe ngamanzi acocekileyo aselwayo, ehlangabezana neemfuno zemihla ngemihla zabantu. Ngaphezulu kwe-110 leebhiliyoni zeetoni zamanzi olwandle sele eguqulwe abe ngamanzi acocekileyo kusetyenziswa i-osmosis eguqukayo, enceda abantu abamalunga nezigidi ezingama-320.
Indawo intle: Xa kuthelekiswa neendlela zonyango lweekhemikhali zemveli, i-osmosis ebuyela umva ifuna izongezo zekhemikhali ezincinci kwaye ayivelisi inkunkuma eyingozi okanye ialkalis. Oku kunegalelo ekuncitshisweni kongcoliseko lokusingqongileyo.
Ukusetyenziswa kwamandla aphantsi: Inkqubo ye-osmosis eguqukayo ixhomekeke kuphela kuxinzelelo njengamandla okuqhuba, okukhokelela ekusebenziseni amandla aphantsi xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iindlela ezininzi zonyango. Oku kubalulekile kuphuhliso oluzinzileyo.
Intsebenziswano yehlabathi: Amanzi likamva lethu ekwabelwana ngalo, kwaye intsebenziswano yamazwe ngamazwe ibalulekile ekwabelaneni ngokulinganayo nokulawula ngokuzinzileyo obu butyebi buxabisekileyo.
Abantu beebhiliyoni ezine, abamalunga nesibini kwisithathu sabemi behlabathi, banengxaki yokunqaba kwamanzi kangangenyanga enye ngonyaka. Ukongezelela, abantu abangaphezu kweebhiliyoni ezimbini bahlala kumazwe apho amanzi angenawo ngokwaneleyo.
Kuyothusa ukuqaphela ukuba isiqingatha sabemi behlabathi sinokuhlala kwiindawo ezijongene nokunqongophala kwamanzi ngo-2025. Lo mngcipheko uzayo wengxaki yamanzi kwihlabathi ufuna ukuqwalaselwa ngokukhawuleza kunye nentsebenziswano yamazwe ngamazwe.
Njengomvelisi oqeqeshiweyo wezinto ze-membrane e-China, i-HID izibophelele ekuphuhliseni ngokuzimeleyo kunye nokuvelisa i-polyamide ephezulu yokusebenza edibeneyo ye-osmosis membranes. Abazange nje baphuhlise ngokuzimeleyo isethi epheleleyo yokusika, ukuqengqeleka, ukuvavanya, ukupakisha izixhobo kunye nemigca yokuhlanganisana ngokuzenzekelayo, baphinde bafikelela kwinqanaba eliphezulu ngokubhekiselele kwizinto ezibonakalayo, izixhobo zokuvelisa, iteknoloji yokuvelisa kunye nomgangatho wokugqibela wemveliso.
Uluhlu lwe-HID-ROFS linye lamaphepha asebenza kakhulu aphuhliswe ngokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obuphezulu. Le membrane edibeneyo ye-polyamide inamandla okwahlula inwebu kwaye inokuthintela ngokufanelekileyo zonke iityuwa ezinyityilisiweyo kunye nezinto eziphilayo ezinobunzima bemolekyuli obukhulu kune-100, ngelixa ivumela iimolekyuli zamanzi ukuba zidlule. Ikakhulu ilungele unyango lwe-desalination yemithombo yamanzi kunye nomxholo wetyuwa ongaphantsi kwe-2000ppm
Ukuxhasa uphuhliso lwe-HID brand reverse osmosis membranes kuya kunceda ukukhuthaza ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi okuzinzileyo kunye nokuhlangabezana nemfuno ekhulayo yehlabathi yamanzi amatsha.