Ikoreshwa ryamazi ya tekinoroji
Ubuhanga bwo gutunganya amazi ya membrane (ultrafiltration, nanofiltration, revers osmose) itanga isesengura ryimbitse ryibyiza nibibi.
Ibikorwa byabantu byose bifitanye isano namazi. Uko abatuye isi biyongera, niko ubwinshi bw’amazi mabi aturuka mu nzego z’imbere mu gihugu, inganda, n’ubuhinzi. Kubwamahirwe, umutungo wamazi meza ararangiye kandi yujujwe kuburyo budahagije kugirango ibyifuzo byiyongere. Uku kutandukana kwatumye habaho gukwirakwiza kudahwanye no guhatana gukomeye ku mutungo muto w’amazi meza ku isi. Abantu babarirwa muri za miriyoni babura amazi meza yo kunywa, kandi umusaruro w’ubuhinzi urababara kubera kubura amazi.
(RO, Sisitemu ya Osmose)
Hindura Osmose (RO):
Ibyiza:
u RO ikuraho ibintu hafi ya byose byashonze, harimo na mikorobe.
u Nibyiza mugukuraho imyunyu ngugu yangiza nkumunyu nisasu.
u RO membrane irashobora gukoreshwa mukunyunyuza.
Ibibi:
u RO ikuraho kandi imyunyu ngugu nzima nka calcium na magnesium.
u Ikora kumuvuduko mwinshi, biganisha ku gukoresha ingufu nyinshi.
u RO membrane irashobora kwanduzwa kandi bisaba kubungabungwa.
System Sisitemu ya Ultra Filtration）
Ultrafiltration (UF):
Ibyiza:
u UF ifite akamaro mukurandura ibintu byahagaritswe, bagiteri, na molekile nini.
u Ikora kumuvuduko wo hasi ugereranije na RO, bivamo kuzigama ingufu.
u UF membrane iramba kandi ifite igihe kirekire.
Ibibi:
u UF ntabwo ikuraho ibice byashonze cyangwa ion.
u Irashobora gusaba mbere yo kuvurwa kugirango wirinde ikosa.
u Ingano ya pore ya UF irashobora gutandukana, bigira ingaruka kubyo bahisemo.
System Sisitemu ya Nanofiltration）
Nanofiltration (NF):
Ibyiza:
u NF ikuraho neza umwanda, imyanda, hamwe n’imiti iva mu miti.
u Irashobora guhitamo gukuramo ion ihwanye mugihe yemerera monovalent ion kurengana.
u NF membrane ifite umuvuduko mwinshi ugereranije na RO.
Ibibi:
u NF ntabwo ikuraho ibice byasheshwe burundu.
u Irashobora gusaba mbere yo kuvurwa.
u Inzitizi zimwe zibangamira ikoreshwa rya tekinoroji ya NF.
Muri make, mugihe RO irusha abandi gukuraho no kwanduza umwanda, UF itanga ikiguzi-cyiza, gihindagurika, hamwe no kugumana amabuye y'agaciro. Guhitamo byombi biterwa no gutunganya amazi yihariye nibyihutirwa.
Impamvu dukwiye gukora ubuvugizi kugirango habeho iterambere rya tekinoroji ya osmose:
Ubuke bw'amazi: Abantu bagera kuri miliyari enye, hafi bibiri bya gatatu by'abatuye isi, bahura n’ibura ry’amazi byibuze ukwezi kumwe buri mwaka. Ikoranabuhanga rya RO rirashobora gufasha gukemura iki kibazo, cyane cyane mu turere twumutse no mu birwa.
Kurandura amazi yo mu nyanja: Osmose ihindagurika igira uruhare runini muguhindura amazi yinyanja. Binyuze muri RO, dushobora guhindura amazi yinyanja mumazi meza meza, duhuza ibyo abantu bakeneye buri munsi. Toni zisaga miliyari 110 z'amazi yo mu nyanja yamaze guhindurwa amazi meza akoresheje osmose revers, yunguka abantu bagera kuri miliyoni 320.
Ibidukikije: Ugereranije nuburyo gakondo bwo kuvura imiti, osmose ihindagurika isaba inyongeramusaruro ntoya kandi ntabwo itanga aside yangiza cyangwa alkalis. Ibi bigira uruhare mu kugabanya kwanduza ibidukikije.
Gukoresha Ingufu nke: Inzira ya osmose ihindagurika ishingiye gusa kumuvuduko nkimbaraga zitera, bigatuma ingufu zikoreshwa ugereranije nubundi buryo bwinshi bwo kuvura. Ibi ni ngombwa mu iterambere rirambye.
Ubufatanye ku isi: Amazi ni ejo hazaza dusangiye, kandi ubufatanye mpuzamahanga nibyingenzi kugirango dusangire neza kandi ducunge neza umutungo wingenzi.
Abantu miliyari enye, hafi bibiri bya gatatu by'abatuye isi, bahura n’ibura ry’amazi byibuze ukwezi kumwe buri mwaka. Byongeye kandi, abantu barenga miliyari ebyiri baba mu bihugu aho amazi adahagije.
Biteye ubwoba kumenya ko kimwe cya kabiri cy’abatuye isi bashobora kuba batuye mu turere dufite ikibazo cy’ibura ry’amazi guhera mu 2025.Iyi mpanuka iri hafi y’ikibazo cy’amazi ku isi isaba ko byihutirwa n’ubufatanye mpuzamahanga.
Nkumushinga wumwuga ukora ibintu bya membrane mubushinwa, HID yiyemeje kwiteza imbere no kwigenga no gukora cyane cyane polyamide composite revers osmose membrane. Ntabwo bateje imbere ubwigenge bwuzuye bwo gukata, kuzunguruka, kugerageza, ibikoresho byo gupakira hamwe nimirongo yiteranirizo yuzuye, bageze no murwego rwo hejuru mubijyanye nibikoresho fatizo, ibikoresho byumusaruro, ikoranabuhanga ryumusaruro nubuziranenge bwibicuruzwa byanyuma.
Urukurikirane rwa HID-ROFS nimwe mumpapuro zikora cyane zateje imbere bakoresheje tekinoroji yubuhanga buhanitse. Iyi polyamide yibumbiye hamwe ifite ubushobozi bwiza bwo gutandukanya membrane kandi irashobora guhagarika neza imyunyu yose yashonze hamwe nibintu kama bifite uburemere bwa molekile irenga 100, mugihe yemerera molekile zamazi kunyuramo. Ahanini bikwiranye no gutunganya amazi yamazi arimo umunyu uri munsi ya 2000ppm
Gushyigikira iterambere rya HID marike revers osmose membrane bizafasha guteza imbere ikoreshwa rirambye ryamazi no guhaza isi ikeneye amazi meza.