Indlela yokulinganisa uhlelo lwe-RO lwezimboni

Nasi umhlahlandlela wesinyathelo ngesinyathelo wamapharamitha abalulekile kanye nokubala okuhilelekile ekulinganisweni kohlelo lwe-RO lwezimboni.

 

Isinyathelo 1: Chaza Izidingo Eziyinhloko ("Yini")

1. Izinga Lokugeleza Kwamanzi Lomkhiqizo (Qp): Lena yisidingo sakho esiyinhloko. Mangaki amagaloni ngomzuzu (GPM) noma amamitha ayi-cubic ngehora (m³/h) wamanzi ahlanzekile owadingayo njalo? (isb., i-100 GPM yesitshalo sokukhiqiza).
2. Ikhwalithi Yamanzi Omkhiqizo: Chaza inani eliphakeme kakhulu elivumelekile le-Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) noma amazinga athile e-ion (isb., i-silica, i-sodium, ama-chloride) emanzini agcwele. Lokhu kunquma iphesenti elidingekayo lokwenqatshwa kukasawoti.
3. Umthombo Nokuhlaziywa Kwamanzi Okudla: Lena yisethi yedatha ebaluleke kakhulu. Ukuhlaziywa kwamanzi okuphelele akunakuxoxiswana ngakho. Amapharamitha ayinhloko:

    ◦I-TDS, Ukuqhuba

    ◦Inkomba Yobuningi Besihlabathi (i-SDI) noma i-Turbidity (ilinganisa amandla okungcola)

    ◦Ukugxila kwe: I-Calcium, i-Magnesium (ubulukhuni), i-Barium, i-Strontium (izikali ezibunjiwe), i-Silica, i-Iron, i-Manganese

    ◦i-pH, Izinga lokushisa

    ◦I-Chlorine yamahhala (kumele ibe yi-zero ukuvikela ama-membrane)

4. Izimo Zokusebenza: Amahora ngosuku, izinsuku ngesonto, ukutholakala kwesistimu okudingekayo.

 

Isinyathelo 2: Izibalo Eziyinhloko Zokuklama ("Imalini")

Ngezidingo ezingenhla, wenza lezi zibalo:

1. Izinga Lokubuyisela Isistimu (%R): Iphesenti lamanzi okuphakelayo aguqulwa abe amanzi omkhiqizo.

    ◦Ifomula: R (%) = (Ukugeleza Komkhiqizo / Ukugeleza Kokuphakelayo) x 100

    ◦Isici Esikhawulelayo: Ukubuyiselwa emuva kunqunyelwe amandla okukhulisa amanzi okuphakelayo. Ukubuyiselwa okuphezulu kusho ukuthi umfudlana ogxilile (owenqatshiwe) uba ogxilile kakhulu, okubeka engcupheni imvula yesikali kulwelwesi. Isofthiwe (njenge-ROSA evela ku-Dow/Chemours) isetshenziselwa ukulingisa ukubuyiselwa okuphezulu okuvunyelwe ngokusekelwe kumakhemikhali akho amanzi, ukulinganisa okulwa nokushisa, kanye nokulungiswa kwe-pH.

2. Isici Sokuhlushwa (CF): Sihlobene nokululama.

    ◦Ifomula: CF = 1 / (1 - R) noma CF = Okuphakelayo TDS / I-Concentrate TDS

    ◦Isibonelo: Ekubuyiseleni okungu-75%, ukugxila kugxilile ngokuphindwe kane kunokuphakelayo (CF = 1/(1-0.75) = 4).

3. Isidingo Sokugeleza Kokuphakelayo (Qf):

    ◦Ifomula: Qf = Qp / R

    ◦Isibonelo: Uma udinga i-100 GPM yomkhiqizo (Qp) ekubuyiselweni okungu-75% (R), udinga ukugeleza kokuphakelayo okungu: 100 / 0.75 = 133.3 GPM.

4. Ukugeleza Kokugxila (Ukwenqaba) (Qc):

    ◦Ifomula: Qc = Qf - Qp

    ◦Isibonelo: 133.3 - 100 = 33.3 GPM.

5. Umklamo we-Membrane Array:

    ◦Izinhlelo zezimboni zakhiwe "ngama-array" (isb., 2:1, 3:2:1 array) ukuze kulondolozwe ijubane lokuhamba elifanele phezu kobuso be-membrane, okunciphisa ukungcola.

    ◦Inani lemithambo yokucindezela (izindlu) kanye nama-membrane linqunywa ukugeleza kokudla okudingekayo kanye nemininingwane yomenzi yokugeleza.

6. I-Flux (GPD/ft)² noma i-LMH): Izinga lokugeleza kokungena ngaphakathi kwendawo ngayinye ye-membrane.

    ◦Ifomula yendawo yonke ye-membrane edingekayo: Indawo = Qp / Flux

    ◦Iziqondiso Zokugeleza: Kukhethwe ngokusekelwe kwikhwalithi yamanzi okuphakelwa (ukugeleza okuphansi kwamanzi asezingeni eliphansi ukuze kuncishiswe ukungcola).

        ▪I-RO Igcwele (Iphasi Lesibili): 20-30 GFD

        ▪Amanzi Omthombo: 12-18 GFD

        ▪Amanzi Angaphezulu: 8-14 GFD

        ▪Amanzi angcolile: 7-12 GFD

 

Isinyathelo 3: Usayizi Wangaphambi Kokwelashwa Nokukala Ngemva Kokwelashwa ("Uhlelo Lokusekela")

I-RO ayikwazi ukusebenza yodwa. Usayizi wayo unquma ubukhulu bayo yonke imishini esekelayo.

1. Ukwelashwa kwangaphambi kwesikhathi (KUMELE kwenziwe ngokusekelwe ekuhlaziyweni kwamanzi okudla):

    ◦Isihlungi se-Multimedia: Sokususa izinto eziqinile ezimisiwe. Usayizi Wokugeleza Kokuphakelayo (Qf) ngesilinganiso sokugeleza kwesevisi esijwayelekile esingu-5-10 GPM/ft².

    ◦Isithambisi noma Umjovo Wokulwa Nokukhubaza: Ukulawula ukukala. Isithambisi silinganiswa ngokugeleza kokudla (Qf) kanye nokulayisha kobunzima.

    ◦Isihlungi sekhabhoni noma i-Sodium Bisulfite Injection: Yokususa i-chlorine. Usayizi we-Qf.

    ◦Isihlungi Sekhatriji (5µ izihlungi zokuphepha): Usayizi we-Qf.

2. Ukukhethwa Kwephampu Enomfutho Ophezulu:

    ◦Kumelwe inikeze i-Qf ngengcindezi edingekayo ukuze inqobe ingcindezi ye-osmotic yokuphakelwa okugxilile kanye nokulahlekelwa kwengcindezi yesistimu.

    ◦Ingcindezi ivame ukusuka ku-150-300 psi emanzini anosawoti, kanye no-800-1200 psi emanzini olwandle.

3. Ngemva Kokwelashwa:

    ◦Isihlanzisi noma i-Membrane Contactor: Ukususa i-CO2₂ uma i-pH ilungisiwe.

◦I-Mixed Bed Polisher (CEDI/EDI): Yamanzi ahlanzekile kakhulu. Usayizi we-Qp.

 

Isinyathelo 4: Ukuhlelwa Kwesistimu Nokuhlelwa Kwesiteji

• I-Single Pass vs. I-Double (Two) Pass: I-single pass inganele. Uma kudingeka i-TDS ephansi kakhulu (isb., kuma-boilers anomfutho ophezulu, ama-semiconductor), i-permeate evela ku-pass yokuqala iba yi-feed eya ohlelweni lwesibili lwe-RO.
• Ukubeka Isigaba Sokugxila: Ukuze kwandiswe ukululama okuphelele, ukugxila okuvela ebhange lokuqala lama-membrane kuba ukudla okuya ebhange lesibili. Lona umqondo "we-2:1 array".

Isifinyezo: Uhlu Lokuhlola Lokulinganisa

Uphawu Lwepharamitha Indlela Olunqunywa Ngayo

 

Imfuneko yenqubo yomsebenzisi wokugcina we-Qp Flow Product

Ukuhlaziywa Kwamanzi Okudla - Ukuhlolwa kwelebhu. Isisekelo somklamo.

Ukubuyiselwa Kwesistimu R Kunqunyelwe ngokukhulisa amandla (ngokusebenzisa isofthiwe yokumodela)

Ukugeleza Kokuphakelayo Qf Qp / R

Ukugeleza Kokugxila Qc Qf - Qp

Izinga Lokugeleza J Ngokusekelwe kwikhwalithi yomthombo wamanzi okuphakelwa (iziqondiso)

Indawo Ye-Membrane Am Qp / J

Inombolo yama-Membrane N Am / Indawo nge-membrane ngayinye (isb., 400 ft²)

Inombolo Yemikhumbi Yokucindezela - N / (ama-membrane ngomkhumbi, ngokuvamile angu-6-7)

I-Array isib., 4:2:1 Yakhelwe ukulinganisela ukugeleza kanye nesivinini

Iphampu Yokucindezela Okuphezulu - Kumelwe ilethe i-Qf ngengcindezi edingekayo

Isexwayiso Esibalulekile Nesincomo

• Ungakufihli. Ukwelashwa okungatheni noma izinga lokululama elinamandla amakhulu kuzoholela ekungcoleni noma ekukhuleni kwe-membrane ngokushesha, okuholela ekungasebenzi kahle okungapheli kanye nezindleko zokusebenza eziphezulu.
• Sebenzisa Isofthiwe Yobuchwepheshe. Abakhiqizi be-membrane (i-DuPont, i-Hydranautics, i-LG) banikeza isofthiwe yokuklama yamahhala (isib. i-ROSA, i-IMSDesign) ekhombisa konke ukusebenzisana phakathi kwe-water chemistry, ukubuyisa, ukuguquguquka, kanye nokulinganisa.
• Xhumana Nochwepheshe. Kunoma yiluphi uhlelo lokusebenza lwezimboni lwangempela (> 50 GPM), kuwumkhuba ojwayelekile ukubandakanya unjiniyela wezinhlelo zokwelashwa kwamanzi noma i-integrator. Bazokwenza ukuhlolwa kokuhlola emanzini angempela, okuyindinganiso yegolide yokususa ubungozi bomklamo nokuqinisekisa usayizi ofanele. I-HID ingumkhiqizi wezinhlelo ze-RO membrane kanye ne-RO membrane onguchwepheshe. Siyakwamukela xhumana ne-HID ukuze uthole ikhambi noma iziphakamiso zobungcweti.