Me pēhea te whakarite i te rahi o tētahi pūnaha RO ahumahi
Anei tētahi aratohu taahiraa-i-te-taahiraa ki ngā tawhā matua me ngā tātaitanga e pā ana ki te whakatau i te rahi o tētahi pūnaha RO ahumahi.
Hipanga 1: Tautuhia ngā Whakaritenga Matua (Te "He aha")
- Te Rere o te Wai Hua (Qp): Koinei tō hiahia matua. E hia ngā karani ia meneti (GPM) me ngā mita pūtoru ia hāora (m3)³/h) o te wai parakore e hiahiatia ana e koe i ngā wā katoa? (hei tauira, 100 GPM mō tētahi whare hanga).
- Kounga Wai Hua: Tautuhia te nui rawa o ngā Totoka Whakarewa Katoa (TDS) e whakaaetia ana, ngā kukū katote motuhake rānei (hei tauira, te silica, te konutai, te pūhaumāota) i roto i te wai uru. Mā tēnei ka whakatau i te ōrau whakakorenga tote e hiahiatia ana.
- Pūtake me te Tātaritanga o te Wai Whāngai: Koinei te huinga raraunga tino nui. Kāore e taea te whiriwhiri i tētahi tātaritanga wai whānui. Ngā tawhā matua:
◦TDS, Aroturuki
◦Te Taupū Matotoru Para (SDI) te Tūpuhi rānei (e ine ana i te pūmanawa paru)
◦Ngā kukū o: Konupūmā, Konupūmā (pakeke), Pāriuma, Strontiuma (ngā kaihanga unahi), Hiraka, Rino, Manganēhi
◦pH, Pāmahana
◦Haumāota Koreutu (me kore rawa hei tiaki i ngā kiriuhi)
- Ngā Tikanga Whakahaere: Ngā hāora ia rā, ngā rā ia wiki, te wātea o te pūnaha e hiahiatia ana.
Hipanga 2: Ngā Tātaitanga Hoahoa Matua (Te "Te Nui")
Me ngā whakaritenga o runga ake nei, ka mahi koe i ēnei tataunga:
- Te Auau Whakaora Pūnaha (%R): Te ōrau o te wai whāngai i hurihia hei wai hua.
◦Tātai: R (%) = (Rere Hua / Rere Whāngai) x 100
◦Te Āhuatanga Whakawhāiti: Ka whakawhāitihia te whakaora e te kaha tauine o te wai whāngai. Ko te tikanga o te whakaoranga teitei ake ka nui ake te kukū o te awa kukū (whakakore), ka tūpono te maturuturu o te tauine ki runga i te kiriuhi. Ka whakamahia ngā pūmanawa (pēnei i a ROSA mai i Dow/Chemours) hei whakatauira i te whakaoranga mōrahi e whakaaetia ana i runga i te matū o tō wai, te inenga antiscalant, me te whakatikatika pH.
- Tauwehenga Kukū (CF): E pā ana ki te whakaoranga.
◦Tātai: CF = 1 / (1 - R) CF rānei = Whāngai TDS / Kukū TDS
◦Tauira: I te 75% o te whakaoranga, e 4 ngā wā ka nui ake te kukū o te matū kukū i te whāngai (CF = 1/(1-0.75) = 4).
- Te Whakaritenga Rere Whāngai (Qf):
◦Tātai: Qf = Qp / R
◦Tauira: Ki te hiahia koe ki te 100 GPM o te hua (Qp) i te 75% whakaora (R), me whai rerenga whāngai koe: 100 / 0.75 = 133.3 GPM.
- Rere Whakakotahi (Whakakore) (Qc):
◦Tātai: Qc = Qf - Qp
◦Tauira: 133.3 - 100 = 33.3 GPM.
- Hoahoa Huinga Kiriuhi:
◦Kua hangaia ngā pūnaha ahumahi i roto i ngā "rōpū" (hei tauira, 2:1, 3:2:1 rōpū) hei pupuri i te tere rere-whiti e tika ana puta noa i te mata o te kiriuhi, hei whakaiti i te poke.
◦Ko te maha o ngā oko pēhanga (ngā whare) me ngā kiriuhi ka whakatauhia e te rere whāngai e hiahiatia ana me ngā whakaritenga a te kaihanga mō te rerenga.
- Rerenga (GPD/ft)² LMH rānei): Ko te tere rere o te permeat mō ia wae horahanga o te membrane.
◦Tātai mō te horahanga katoa o te kiriuhi e hiahiatia ana: Horahanga = Qp / Rerenga
◦Aratohu Rere: I whiriwhiria i runga i te kounga o te wai whāngai (he iti ake te rere mō te wai kounga iti hei whakaiti i te paru).
▪RO Permeate (Paenga Tuarua): 20-30 GFD
▪Wai Puna: 12-18 GFD
▪Wai Mata: 8-14 GFD
▪Wai Para: 7-12 GFD
Hipanga 3: Te Rahi i mua i te Maimoatanga me te Rahi i Muri i te Maimoatanga (Te "Pūnaha Tautoko")
Kāore e taea e te RO te mahi ko ia anake. Ko tōna rahi te mea e whakatau ana i te rahi o ngā taputapu tautoko katoa.
- Te maimoatanga o mua (ME hoahoa kia rite ki te tātaritanga wai whāngai):
◦Tātari Pāpāho Maha: Hei tango i ngā totoka iri. I whakaritea mō te Rere Whāngai (Qf) i te tere rere ratonga noa o te 5-10 GPM/ft².
◦Werohanga Whakangawari, Werohanga Ārai-Pakanga rānei: Hei whakahaere i te tauine. Ka whakaritea te rahi o te whakangawari kia rite ki te Rere Whāngai (Qf) me te taumahatanga mārō.
◦Tātari Waro, Werohanga Sodium Bisulfite rānei: Hei tango i te chlorine. Te rahi mō te Qf.
◦Tātari Kāri (5µ ngā tātari haumaru): Rahi mō te Qf.
- Kōwhiringa Papu Pēhanga-Teitei:
◦Me tuku te Qf i te pēhanga e hiahiatia ana hei wikitoria i te pēhanga osmotic o te whāngai kukū me ngā ngaronga pēhanga pūnaha.
◦Ko te pēhanga i te nuinga o te wā kei waenga i te 150-300 psi mō te wai māori, me te 800-1200 psi mō te wai moana.
- I muri i te Maimoatanga:
◦Kaiwhakakore hau, Kaiwhakapā kiriuhi rānei: Hei tango i te CO₂ mēnā i whakatikatikaina te pH.
◦Mīhini Whakakanapa Moenga Whakaranu (CEDI/EDI): Mō te wai tino parakore. Rahi mō te Qp.
Hipanga 4: Tahora me te Whakatakotoranga Pūnaha
- Te Whakawhiti Kotahi me te Whakawhiti Takirua (Rua): He rawaka pea te whakawhiti kotahi. Mena he iti rawa te TDS e hiahiatia ana (hei tauira, mō ngā poiha pēhanga teitei, ngā haurua-ira), ko te urunga mai i te whakawhiti tuatahi ka noho hei whāngai ki te pūnaha RO tuarua.
- Te Whakatakotoranga Kukū: Hei whakanui ake i te whakaoranga whānui, ko te kukū mai i te peeke tuatahi o ngā kiriuhi ka noho hei whāngai ki te peeke tuarua. Koinei te ariā "2:1 array".
Whakarāpopototanga: Te Rārangi Arowhai Rahi
Tohu Tawhā Me pēhea te Whakatau
Te Rere Hua Qp Te whakaritenga tukanga a te kaiwhakamahi mutunga
Tātari Wai Whāngai - Whakamātautau taiwhanga. Ko te tūāpapa o te hoahoa.
Whakaora Pūnaha R Kua whakawhāitihia e te kaha tauine (mā te whakatauira pūmanawa)
Rere Whāngai Qf Qp / R
Rere Kukū Qc Qf - Qp
Te Rerenga Rere J I runga i te kounga o te puna wai whāngai (ngā aratohu)
Te horahanga kiriuhi Am Qp / J
# o ngā kiriuhi N Am / Horahanga mō ia kiriuhi (hei tauira, 400 ft²)
# o ngā Ipu Pēhanga - N / (ngā kiriuhi mō ia ipu, te nuinga o te wā 6-7)
Tauira tauira, 4:2:1 I hangaia hei whakataurite i te rere me te tere
Papu Pēhanga-Teitei - Me tuku te Qf i te pēhanga e hiahiatia ana
Whakatūpato me te Taunakitanga Tino Hira
- Kaua e Whakamataku. Mā te iti o te rahi o te maimoatanga i mua, mā te nui rawa rānei o te hiahia ki te whakaora ka tere te pirau, te matotoru rānei o te kiriuhi, ka roa te wā kore mahi me te nui o ngā utu whakahaere.
- Whakamahia te Pūmanawa Ngaio. Ka whakaratohia e ngā kaihanga membrane (DuPont, Hydranautics, LG) he pūmanawa hoahoa kore utu (hei tauira, ROSA, IMSDesign) e whakatauira ana i ngā taunekeneke katoa i waenga i te matū wai, te whakaora, te rere, me te tauine.
- Kōrero ki tētahi Tohunga. Mō ngā tono ahumahi tūturu (> 50 GPM), he tikanga noa te whakauru i tētahi miihini pūnaha maimoatanga wai, i tētahi kaiwhakauru rānei. Ka whakahaerehia e rātou he whakamātautau whakamātautau i runga i te wai whāngai tuturu, koinei te paerewa koura mō te whakaiti i te mōrearea o te hoahoa me te whakarite i te rahi tino pai. He kaihanga kiriuhi RO ngaio me te pūnaha RO a HID. Nau mai, kōrero ki a HID mō tētahi otinga ngaio, whakaaro rānei.