Yadda ake girman tsarin RO na masana'antu

Ga jagorar mataki-mataki ga mahimman sigogi da lissafin da ke tattare da girman tsarin RO na masana'antu.

 

Mataki na 1: Bayyana Muhimman Bukatun ("Me")

1. Yawan Guduwar Ruwa a Samfura (Qp): Wannan shine babban buƙatarku. Galan nawa a minti ɗaya (GPM) ko mita cubic a kowace awa (m)³/h) na ruwa mai tsafta kuke buƙata akai-akai? (misali, 100 GPM don masana'antar masana'antu).
2. Ingancin Ruwa na Samfura: Bayyana matsakaicin adadin da aka yarda da shi na jimlar daskararrun da aka narkar (TDS) ko takamaiman yawan ion (misali, silica, sodium, chlorides) a cikin ruwan da ke shiga. Wannan yana ƙayyade adadin da ake buƙata na ƙin gishiri.
3. Tushen Ruwan Shayarwa da Bincike: Wannan shine mafi mahimmancin saitin bayanai. Cikakken nazarin ruwa ba za a iya yin shawarwari ba. Mahimman sigogi:

    ◦TDS, Gudanar da wutar lantarki

    ◦Ma'aunin Yawan Silt (SDI) ko Turbidity (yana auna yuwuwar gurɓatawa)

    ◦Tarin: Calcium, Magnesium (taurin kai), Barium, Strontium (sikelin da aka yi wa sikeli), Silica, Iron, Manganese

    ◦pH, Zafin jiki

    ◦Babu Chlorine (dole ne ya zama sifili don kare membranes)

4. Yanayin Aiki: Awannin Aiki a kowace rana, kwanaki a kowace mako, da kuma buƙatar tsarin da ake buƙata.

 

Mataki na 2: Muhimman Lissafin Zane ("Nawa")

Tare da buƙatun da ke sama, kuna yin waɗannan lissafin:

1. Yawan Farfadowa da Tsarin (%R): Kashi na ruwan da aka canza zuwa ruwan da aka samar.

    ◦Tsarin: R (%) = (Guduwar Samfura / Guduwar Ciyarwa) x 100

    ◦Abin da ke Iyakancewa: Farfadowa yana da iyaka ta hanyar girman ƙarfin ruwan ciyarwa. Farfadowa mafi girma yana nufin kwararar mai tattarawa (ƙi) ta ƙara tarawa, tana iya haifar da haɗarin hazo a kan membrane. Ana amfani da software (kamar ROSA daga Dow/Chemours) don yin samfurin matsakaicin farfadowa bisa ga sinadaran ruwa, allurar hana scalant, da daidaitawar pH.

2. Ma'aunin Mayar da Hankali (CF): Mai alaƙa da murmurewa.

    ◦Tsarin: CF = 1 / (1 - R) ko CF = Ciyar da TDS / Mai tattara TDS

    ◦Misali: A lokacin da kashi 75% na murmurewa, sinadarin ya fi mai da hankali fiye da abincin da aka ci sau 4 (CF = 1/(1-0.75) = 4).

3. Bukatar Guduwar Ciyarwa (Qf):

    ◦Tsarin dabara: Qf = Qp / R

    ◦Misali: Idan kuna buƙatar 100 GPM na samfur (Qp) a 75% murmurewa (R), kuna buƙatar kwararar abinci na: 100 / 0.75 = 133.3 GPM.

4. Gudun Mayar da Hankali (Ƙin yarda) (Qc):

    ◦Tsarin: Qc = Qf - Qp

    ◦Misali: 133.3 - 100 = 33.3 GPM.

5. Tsarin Zane na Matattarar Jiki:

    ◦An gina tsarin masana'antu a cikin "jeri" (misali, 2:1, 3:2:1) don kiyaye isasshen saurin kwararar ruwa a saman membrane, wanda ke rage gurɓatawa.

    ◦Adadin tasoshin matsi (gidaje) da membranes ana ƙayyade su ne ta hanyar kwararar abinci da ake buƙata da kuma takamaiman bayanan masana'anta don kwararar ruwa.

6. Juyawa (GPD/ft)² ko LMH): Yawan kwararar ruwa a kowace yanki na membrane.

    ◦Tsarin da ake buƙata don jimlar yankin membrane: Yanki = Qp / Juyawa

    ◦Jagororin Ruwa: An zaɓi su bisa ga ingancin ruwan ciyarwa (ƙarancin ruwa don rashin ingancin ruwa don rage gurɓataccen ruwa).

        ▪RO Permeate (Na Biyu): 20-30 GFD

        ▪Ruwan Rijiya: 12-18 GFD

        ▪Ruwan saman ƙasa: 8-14 GFD

        ▪Ruwan shara: 7-12 GFD

 

Mataki na 3: Girman Kafin Jiyya & Bayan Jiyya ("Tsarin Tallafi")

RO ba zai iya aiki shi kaɗai ba. Girmansa yana ƙayyade girman duk kayan aikin tallafi.

1. Maganin da aka riga aka yi (DOLE ne a tsara shi bisa ga nazarin ruwan abinci):

    ◦Matatar Multimedia: Don cire daskararrun da aka dakatar. Girman don Flow Feed (Qf) a matsakaicin saurin kwararar sabis na 5-10 GPM/ft².

    ◦Allurar Tausasawa ko Maganin Tsaftacewa: Don sarrafa sikelin. Ana auna girman mai laushi don kwararar ciyarwa (Qf) da nauyin tauri.

    ◦Allurar Tace Carbon ko Sodium Bisulfite: Don cire sinadarin chlorine. Girman da aka yi wa Qf.

    ◦Matatar Kwalta (5)µ Matatun tsaro): Girman Qf.

2. Zaɓin Famfo Mai Matsi Mai Girma:

    ◦Dole ne ya isar da Qf a matsin lamba da ake buƙata don shawo kan matsin lambar osmotic na abinci mai ɗorewa da asarar matsin lamba na tsarin.

    ◦Matsi yawanci yana tsakanin 150-300 psi ga ruwan da ba shi da ruwa, 800-1200 psi ga ruwan teku.

3. Bayan Jiyya:

    ◦Mai haɗawa da na'urar cire iska ko na'urar cire iska: Don cire CO₂ idan pH ya yi ƙasa.

◦Na'urar goge gado mai gauraya (CEDI/EDI): Don ruwa mai tsafta sosai. Girman sa shine Qp.

 

Mataki na 4: Tsarin Tsarin da Tsarin

• Wucewa Ɗaya da Wucewa Biyu (Biyu): Wucewa ɗaya na iya wadatarwa. Idan ana buƙatar ƙarancin TDS (misali, ga boilers masu matsin lamba mai yawa, semiconductors), nutsewa daga wucewa ta farko zai zama ciyarwa zuwa tsarin RO na biyu.
• Tsarin tattara bayanai: Don ƙara murmurewa gaba ɗaya, tattara bayanai daga bakin membrane na farko zai zama abin da aka ciyar da bankin na biyu. Wannan shine ra'ayin "2: 1 jeri".

Takaitawa: Jerin Duba Girman Girma

Alamar Siga Yadda Ake Ƙayyade Ta

 

Tsarin Samfura Qp Bukatar tsarin mai amfani na ƙarshe

Binciken Ruwan Sha - Gwajin Dakin Gwaji. Tushen ƙira.

System Recovery R Limited ta hanyar ƙara yawan damar (ta hanyar ƙirar software)

Gudun Ciyarwa Qf Qp / R

Gudun Mai Mahimmanci Qc Qf - Qp

Flux Rate J Dangane da ingancin tushen ruwan ciyarwa (jagorori)

Yankin Matattarar Am Qp / J

# na Membranes N Am / Yanki a kowace membrane (misali, ƙafa 400)²)

# na tasoshin matsin lamba - N / (membranes a kowace jirgi, yawanci 6-7)

Jerin misali, 4:2:1 An tsara shi don daidaita kwarara da gudu

Famfon Matsi Mai Girma - Dole ne ya isar da Qf a matsin lamba da ake buƙata

Gargaɗi da Shawara Mai Muhimmanci

• Kada Ka Yi Lanƙwasa. Rashin isasshen magani kafin a fara aiki ko kuma yawan buri zai haifar da lalacewar membrane ko kuma ƙara girmansa cikin sauri, wanda ke haifar da raguwar aiki na dogon lokaci da kuma tsadar aiki.
• Yi Amfani da Manhajojin Ƙwararru. Masu kera Membrane (DuPont, Hydranautics, LG) suna ba da software na ƙira kyauta (misali, ROSA, IMSDesign) waɗanda ke kwaikwayon duk hulɗar da ke tsakanin sinadaran ruwa, farfadowa, kwararar ruwa, da sikelin ruwa.
• Tuntuɓi Ƙwararre. Ga duk wani aikace-aikacen masana'antu na gaske (> 50 GPM), aiki ne na yau da kullun a haɗa injiniyan tsarin tace ruwa ko mai haɗa ruwa. Za su yi gwajin gwaji akan ainihin ruwan ciyarwa, wanda shine ma'aunin zinare don cire haɗarin ƙira da tabbatar da girman da ya dace. HID ƙwararren mai ƙera membrane na RO da tsarin RO ne. Barka da zuwa tuntuɓi HID don samun mafita ko shawarwari na ƙwararru.