Momwe mungakulitsire dongosolo la RO la mafakitale

Nayi chitsogozo cha sitepe ndi sitepe cha magawo ofunikira ndi mawerengedwe omwe amafunikira pakukulitsa dongosolo la RO la mafakitale.

 

Gawo 1: Fotokozani Zofunikira Zazikulu ("Chomwe")

1. Kuchuluka kwa Madzi Ochokera ku Zinthu (Qp): Ichi ndiye chinthu chofunikira kwambiri. Kodi ndi magaloni angati pamphindi (GPM) kapena ma cubic metres pa ola limodzi (m)³/h) ya madzi oyera omwe mukufuna nthawi zonse? (monga, 100 GPM ya fakitale yopanga).
2. Ubwino wa Madzi a Zamalonda: Fotokozani kuchuluka kwa zinthu zonse zosungunuka (TDS) zomwe zingaloledwe kapena kuchuluka kwa ma ion (monga silika, sodium, chlorides) m'madzi ozungulira. Izi zimatsimikizira kuchuluka kwa mchere komwe kumafunika.
3. Kusanthula ndi Kusanthula kwa Madzi Omwe Amadyedwa: Iyi ndi deta yofunika kwambiri. Kusanthula kwathunthu kwa madzi sikungathe kukambidwanso. Magawo ofunikira:

    ◦TDS, Kuyendetsa Magalimoto

    ◦Chizindikiro cha Kuchuluka kwa Silt (SDI) kapena Turbidity (imayesa kuthekera koipitsa)

    ◦Kuchuluka kwa: Calcium, Magnesium (kuuma), Barium, Strontium (zopanga masikelo), Silika, Iron, Manganese

    ◦pH, Kutentha

    ◦Chlorine yaulere (iyenera kukhala zero kuti iteteze nembanemba)

4. Mikhalidwe Yogwirira Ntchito: Maola patsiku, masiku pa sabata, kupezeka kwa makina ofunikira.

 

Gawo 2: Kuwerengera Kofunikira kwa Kapangidwe ("Kuchuluka Kwake")

Ndi zofunikira pamwambapa, mumachita mawerengedwe awa:

1. Kuchuluka kwa Kubwezeretsa Dongosolo (%R): Chiwerengero cha madzi odyetsera omwe asinthidwa kukhala madzi a chinthu.

    ◦Fomula: R (%) = (Kuyenda kwa Zogulitsa / Kuyenda kwa Zakudya) x 100

    ◦Cholepheretsa: Kubwezeretsa madzi kumachepa ndi mphamvu ya kukula kwa madzi odyetsera. Kubwezeretsa madzi ambiri kumatanthauza kuti madzi ochulukirapo (okana) amakhala ochulukirapo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti madzi achuluke kwambiri pa nembanemba. Mapulogalamu (monga ROSA ochokera ku Dow/Chemours) amagwiritsidwa ntchito poyesa kubwezeretsanso madzi ambiri kutengera kapangidwe ka madzi anu, kuchuluka kwa madzi oletsa kuzizira, komanso kusintha kwa pH.

2. Chigawo Chokhudza Kukhazikika (CF): Chogwirizana ndi kuchira.

    ◦Fomula: CF = 1 / (1 - R) kapena CF = Feed TDS / Concentrate TDS

    ◦Chitsanzo: Pakuchira kwa 75%, kuchuluka kwa chakudya kumakhala kochulukira nthawi zinayi kuposa chakudya (CF = 1/(1-0.75) = 4).

3. Kufunika kwa Kuyenda kwa Chakudya (Qf):

    ◦Fomula: Qf = Qp / R

    ◦Chitsanzo: Ngati mukufuna 100 GPM ya chinthu (Qp) pa 75% recovery (R), muyenera feed flow ya: 100 / 0.75 = 133.3 GPM.

4. Kuyenda kwa Concentrate (Kukana) (Qc):

    ◦Fomula: Qc = Qf - Qp

    ◦Chitsanzo: 133.3 - 100 = 33.3 GPM.

5. Kapangidwe ka Membrane Array:

    ◦Machitidwe a mafakitale amamangidwa mu "ma array" (monga 2:1, 3:2:1 array) kuti asunge liwiro loyenera la cross-flow kudutsa pamwamba pa nembanemba, zomwe zimachepetsa kuipitsidwa.

    ◦Chiwerengero cha mitsempha yothamanga (nyumba) ndi nembanemba zimatsimikiziridwa ndi kayendedwe ka chakudya kofunikira komanso zomwe wopanga amafotokozera za kutuluka kwa madzi.

6. Kuthamanga (GPD/ft)² kapena LMH): Kuthamanga kwa madzi m'thupi pa gawo lililonse la nembanemba.

    ◦Fomula yofunikira ya malo onse a nembanemba: Malo = Qp / Flux

    ◦Malangizo Okhudza Kusuntha kwa Madzi: Yasankhidwa kutengera mtundu wa madzi odyetsera (kusuntha kochepa kwa madzi abwino kuti achepetse kuipitsidwa).

        ▪RO Imatha Kudutsa (2nd Pass): 20-30 GFD

        ▪Madzi a Chitsime: 12-18 GFD

        ▪Madzi Ozungulira: 8-14 GFD

        ▪Madzi Otayira: 7-12 GFD

 

Gawo 3: Kuchuluka kwa Kukula kwa Chithandizo Pasadakhale & Pambuyo pa Chithandizo ("Njira Yothandizira")

RO singathe kugwira ntchito yokha. Kukula kwake kumalamulira kukula kwa zida zonse zothandizira.

1. Chithandizo chisanachitike (CHIYENERA kupangidwa kutengera kusanthula kwa madzi odyetsera):

    ◦Fyuluta ya Multimedia: Yochotsera zinthu zolimba zomwe zapachikidwa. Kukula kwa Feed Flow (Qf) pamlingo wamba wa 5-10 GPM/ft².

    ◦Chofewetsa kapena Choletsa Kuikapo Kansalu: Kuwongolera kukula. Chofewetsa chimayikidwa kukula kwa Feed Flow (Qf) ndi kuuma kwake.

    ◦Fyuluta ya Carbon kapena Injection ya Sodium Bisulfite: Yochotsera chlorine. Kukula kwake ndi Qf.

    ◦Fyuluta ya Katiriji (5)µ zosefera zotetezera): Kukula kwa Qf.

2. Kusankha Pampu Yopanikizika Kwambiri:

    ◦Ayenera kupereka Qf pa kupanikizika kofunikira kuti athetse kupsinjika kwa osmotic kwa chakudya chokhazikika komanso kutayika kwa kupsinjika kwa dongosolo.

    ◦Kupanikizika nthawi zambiri kumakhala pakati pa 150-300 psi pa madzi amchere, 800-1200 psi pa madzi a m'nyanja.

3. Pambuyo pa Chithandizo:

    ◦Chotsukira mpweya kapena cholumikizira cha Membrane: Kuchotsa CO₂ ngati pH yasinthidwa.

◦Chopopera Chosakaniza Mabedi (CEDI/EDI): Cha madzi oyera kwambiri. Chimafanana ndi Qp.

 

Gawo 4: Kapangidwe ka Dongosolo & Magawo

• Kudutsa Kokha Poyerekeza ndi Kudutsa Kawiri (Kawiri): Kudutsa kamodzi kokha kungakhale kokwanira. Ngati pakufunika TDS yotsika kwambiri (monga, pa ma boiler amphamvu kwambiri, ma semiconductor), kulowerera kuchokera ku kupita koyamba kumakhala njira yopititsira ku dongosolo lachiwiri la RO.
• Kukonza Magawo Okhazikika: Kuti muwonjezere kuchira konse, kukhazikika kuchokera ku banki yoyamba ya nembanemba kumakhala chakudya kupita ku banki yachiwiri. Ili ndiye lingaliro la "2:1 array".

Chidule: Mndandanda Wowunikira Kukula

Chizindikiro cha Parameter Momwe Chimadziwikira

 

Kufunika kwa njira yogwiritsira ntchito Qp kwa ogwiritsa ntchito

Kusanthula Madzi Odyetsa - Kuyesa kwa Labu. Maziko a kapangidwe kake.

Kubwezeretsa Dongosolo R Kumachepetsa kuthekera kowonjezera (kudzera mu pulogalamu yoyeserera)

Kuyenda kwa Chakudya Qf Qp / R

Kuyenda kwa Concentrate Qc Qf - Qp

Kuchuluka kwa madzi otuluka J Kutengera mtundu wa madzi otuluka (malangizo)

Chigawo cha Nembanemba Am Qp / J

Chiwerengero cha Ma Nembanemba N Am / Malo pa nembanemba (monga, 400 ft²)

Chiwerengero cha Zombo Zopanikizika - N / (nembanemba pa chotengera chilichonse, nthawi zambiri 6-7)

Mwachitsanzo, 4:2:1 Yopangidwa kuti igwirizane ndi kuyenda ndi liwiro

Pampu Yopanikizika Kwambiri - Iyenera kupereka Qf pakafunika kupanikizika

Chenjezo Lofunika Kwambiri & Malangizo

• Musamachitepo Kanthu. Kusamalira zinthu pang'ono kapena kuchira mopitirira muyeso kungayambitse kuipitsidwa kwa nembanemba mwachangu kapena kukula kwake, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale nthawi yayitali yogwira ntchito komanso ndalama zambiri zogwirira ntchito.
• Gwiritsani Ntchito Mapulogalamu Aukadaulo. Opanga ma nembrane (DuPont, Hydrautics, LG) amapereka mapulogalamu aulere opanga (monga ROSA, IMSDesign) omwe amawonetsa momwe zinthu zimagwirira ntchito pakati pa madzi, kubwezeretsa, kusintha, ndi kukula.
• Funsani Katswiri. Pa ntchito iliyonse yeniyeni ya mafakitale (> 50 GPM), ndi njira yodziwika bwino yogwiritsira ntchito mainjiniya a makina oyeretsera madzi kapena wophatikiza. Adzachita mayeso oyesera pa madzi enieni, omwe ndi muyezo wabwino kwambiri wochotsera chiopsezo pa kapangidwe kake ndikuwonetsetsa kukula kwake koyenera. HID ndi katswiri wopanga nembanemba ya RO ndi makina a RO. Takulandirani funsani HID kuti mupeze yankho laukadaulo kapena malingaliro.