Buku lothandizira kutsuka madzi ---- Reverse osmosis membrane (RO)

Mfundo yaikulu:

Gwiritsani ntchito "mfuti yamadzi yothamanga kwambiri" kuti mukakamize mamolekyu ang'onoang'ono "kuboola mabowo ang'onoang'ono"

Pakati pa nembanemba ya reverse osmosis ndi nembanemba yomwe imatha kulowa mkati mwake yokhala ndi kukula kwa ma pore a ma microns 0.0001 okha. Momwe imagwirira ntchito ndi yapadera:
1. Sefa yopanikizika: ikani mphamvu kudzera mu pampu yamadzi (monga kugwiritsa ntchito mfuti yamadzi yopanikizika kwambiri) kuti mukakamize mamolekyu amadzi ochokera mu yankho lokhuthala kwambiri (madzi osaphika) kuti alowe mu nembanemba yomwe imalowa pang'ono ndikulowa mbali yokhuthala pang'ono (madzi oyera).
2. Kuletsa kuipitsidwa: Zinthu zazikulu kuposa mamolekyu a madzi (zitsulo zolemera, mavairasi, mabakiteriya, maantibayotiki, ndi zina zotero) zonse "zimakanidwa" ndipo zimatulutsidwa ndi madzi otayira.
Mwachidule, nembanemba ya RO ili ngati "cheke chachitetezo chapamwamba" cha misonkho - "nzika zabwino" zokha za mamolekyu amadzi ndi zomwe zimatulutsidwa, ndipo zinthu zina zonse zokayikitsa zimagwidwa!

Ntchito:

"Msilikali wankhondo wa dziko loyeretsa madzi" wa dziko loyeretsa madzi.

Ma nembanemba a reverse osmosis amatha kuthetsa mavuto onse oipitsa madzi:

1. Zinthu zowononga zitsulo zolemera: zitsulo zoopsa monga lead, mercury, ndi arsenic sizingadutse.
2. Choletsa Kachilombo ka Virus: Ngakhale norovirus (0.27 microns) ikhoza kuthetsedwa.
3. Njira yofalitsira limescale: Sefa bwino ma ayoni a calcium ndi magnesium, ndipo zimakhala zovuta kuti ketulo ikule.
4. Chitetezo chonse: ku zotsalira za mankhwala ophera tizilombo, maantibayotiki, mapulasitiki ang'onoang'ono ndi zinthu zina zoipitsa.

Koma mtengo wake ndi wodziwikiratu: "udzaukira mosasankha", kusefa mchere womwe ndi wopindulitsa thupi la munthu, monga calcium ndi magnesium.

Mawonekedwe:

"Mkwiyo pang'ono" kumbuyo kwa "wophunzira wabwino".

Zabwino ndi zoyipa za nembanemba ya RO zili ngati mbali ziwiri za ndalama:

Ubwino:

Kulondola kwambiri kwa kusefera: kukula kwa pore ndi ma microns 0.0001 okha.

2. Madzi abwino kwambiri ndi ofanana ndi ena onse: kaya ndi madzi a pampopi, madzi a m'chitsime, kapena madzi olimba kwambiri, amatha kupanga madzi oyera okhazikika.
   3. Yokhalitsa komanso yolimba: Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa zaka 2-3 ngati ikugwiritsidwa ntchito mwachizolowezi (kutengera mtundu wa madzi ndi momwe madzi amagwiritsidwira ntchito).

Zoyipa:

1. Kufunika kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu: kudalira pampu yamadzi kuti ipereke mphamvu, ndipo sikungagwire ntchito magetsi akatha.
   2. Kupanga madzi otayira: Pa lita imodzi iliyonse ya madzi otayira, pafupifupi malita 1-3 a madzi otayira amatuluka (chiŵerengero cha madzi otayira enieni chimadalira chitsanzo).

Zolemba:

Musalole kuti "cholengedwa"cho chikhale "malo opangira mabomu"

Ngati mukufuna kuti makina a RO atulutse bwino zotsatira za "ukadaulo wakuda", musamanyalanyaze izi:
1. Yesani kukhazikitsa chinthu choyambira kusefa: Choyambirira, thonje la PP + chinthu choyambitsira mpweya chiyenera kukhala "mpeni wotsekedwa", apo ayi nembanemba ya RO idzatsekedwa posachedwa ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono.

2. Sinthani chinthu chosefera nthawi zonse:
   - Zinthu zitatu zoyambirira zosefera (thonje la PP, kaboni wokonzedwa) ziyenera kusinthidwa miyezi 6-12 iliyonse (nthawi yeniyeni yosinthira iyenera kutsimikiziridwa malinga ndi mtundu wa madzi ndi momwe madzi amagwiritsidwira ntchito).
   - Nembanemba ya RO imasinthidwa zaka 2-3 zilizonse. Dziwani: Pamene madzi atuluka ndi kupitirira 20%, mkhalidwe wa nembanemba uyenera kuyang'aniridwa, ndipo mphamvu ya madzi oyera iyenera kusinthidwa pamene mphamvu ya RO yoyamba> ndi 10μ.s/cm kapena RO yachiwiri> 5ms/cm, ndipo ngati chiŵerengero cha kuchotsa mchere m'madzi chili 0.3Mpa, chiyenera kusinthidwa nthawi yomweyo.
   3. Musataye madzi otayira: Madzi otayira omwe atulutsidwa amatha kutsukidwa ndikutsukidwa m'chimbudzi, zomwe zimathandiza kuti chilengedwe chisamawononge ndalama.
   4. Simuyenera kudula madzi kwa nthawi yayitali: simuyenera kutseka valavu yamadzi kwa masiku opitilira atatu kuti mabakiteriya asakule mu nembanemba.
   5. Choletsa kuzizira m'nyengo yozizira: siyani ndikutulutsa madzi mu makinawo kutentha kukafika pansi pa 5°C kuti filimu ya RO isazizidwe.
   6. Sankhani chotsukira madzi chokhala ndi ntchito yotsuka: kutsuka kokha kumatha kuchepetsa kukula ndikuwonjezera moyo wa filimu ya RO.