Kei tua atu i te tuanui 45%: Te rohe hou o ngā kiriuhi RO wai moana whakaora-teitei

I roto i te ao o te tango tote, he māmā noa te whārite: ko te teitei ake o tōte tere whakaora osmosis whakamuri, ko te iti iho o tō utu mō ia mita pūtoru o te wai māori. Mō ngā tekau tau, kua mahi ngā pūnaha osmosis whakamuri wai moana (SWRO) i roto i tētahi rohe whakamarie. Hei tiaki i ngā huānga kiriuhi mai i te poke me te whakahaere i te pēhanga osmotic nui, he paerewawhakaora pūnahamō te wai moana kotahi-haerenga, kua whakawhāitihia te RO ki te tata ki35% ki te 45%.

Engari, me pēhea mēnā ka taea e koe te pana i taua tau ki50%, tae atu rānei ki te 60%me te kore e whakararu i te ora o te kiriuhi?

Ngā mihi ki ngā putanga hou i roto iRO pēhanga teitei (HPRO)te matū o te kiriuhi me te whirihoranga o te kōwae, kei te tautuhi anō te umanga i te tikanga o te "whai hua". He mea nui tēnei panonitanga—ehara i te mea mō te tiaki wai anake, engari mō te oranga ōhanga o ngā tipu tango tote ā muri ake nei.

Ngā "Whakaora e Toru" Me Mōhio Koe

I mua i te ruku ki te hangarau, he mea nui kia wehewehe i waenga i ngā horopaki rerekē o te "whakaora", nā te mea ka taea e te whakapoauautanga i konei te arahi ki te hoahoa pūnaha hē:

• Whakaora Whakamātautau Paerewa:Ko te mahi tūāpapa i inehia e ngā kaihanga (i te nuinga o te wā~10%(mō tētahi huānga kiriuhi wai moana kotahi i raro i ngā āhuatanga taiwhanga whakahaeretia). Ehara tēnei i te whāinga whakahaere; he paearu noa iho.
• Te Whakaora Huānga Tuturu:Ko te rohe o te ao tūturu mō tētahi huānga kiriuhi wai moana kotahi 40-inihi te roa. Hei āraite whakapūmautanga kukūā, ko te tauine i te taha tote, kaua tēnei e neke ake i te ~18%.
• Whakaora Pūnaha:Te katoarere uruwehea ki te tapekerere whāngaio te waeine RO katoa. Mō ngā pūnaha ahumahi nui, ka tutuki tēnei mā te whakarite i ngā kiriuhi i roto i te raupapa, ka panaia te whakaoranga whānui ki75-90% mō te wai māori, ā, ināianei, kei te panaia te taupoki mō te wai moana.

Te raruraru whakaora-teitei i roto i te tango tote i te wai moana

Nā te āhua ahupūngao, ka noho pūmau ngā pūnaha SWRO tuku iho i te awhe 35-45%. I a koe e tango ana i te wai, ka nui haere te kukū o te wai whāngai i te taha whakakore. Ka hua ake tēnei i ngā take e rua:

• Te pikinga o te pēhanga osmotic:Ka tino heke te kaha akiaki (te pēhanga taraiwa kupenga).
• Te Whakanui i te Mōrearea:Ka tae ngā tote wairewa iti (pērā i te konupūmā kāponāte, te konupūmā whanariki rānei) ki te mātotoru ka pupū ake ki runga i temata kiriuhi.

Heoi, kua whakaatuhia e ngā rangahau whakamātautau tata nei—tae atu ki ngā mahi i ngā wāhi mōrearea paru nui pērā i te Moana-a-Kiwa o Arapia—ka taea e ngā pūnaha matatau te whakatutuki i ngā hiahia.mahi pumau i te 50-60% whakaoranga.

Te Wāhi e Pakaru ai te Ārai i ngā Kirihou Hou

Ko te whakatutuki i ēnei reiti whakaora teitei ehara i te mea ko te huri noa i te takirere; me whai whanaketanga whānui o tehuānga kiriuhiake:

• Te Āheinga Whakarei me te Whakawhiti Papatipu:Kei te piki haere te matū hiato kiriata angiangi matatau (TFC)te uruhanga waime te kore e whakararurarute whakakorenga toteE whakaatu ana te whakatauira ka taea e te whakatōpū i te urunga taketake te whakaiti i te whakapaunga pūngao mā te 23% i te 50% whakaora..

• Mana Whakatairanga Pai Rawa:Ka hangaia ngā mata kiriuhi hou hei whakararuraru i te hanganga o ngā kohuke, ka taea ai tepūwhakakotahi totekia kaha ake te mahi me te kore e pakaru.

• Te Akenga Rua-Pae:I roto i ngā tipu nui pērā i te whare hanga Torrevieja i Pāniora, ka whakamahia he rautaki takirua. Ko te ara wai moana tuatahi e mahi ana i te45% te whakaoranga(e whakamahi ana i te neke atu i te 25,000 ngā huānga), ko te haerenga tuaruapūnaha RO wai māori e whakatutuki ana i te mea whakamiharo90% te whakaoranga, kia tino nui te hua wai katoa.

Te Ao o te Ao: Te Maimoatanga ki te Tote Hypersaline

Ko te rohe e whai ake nei ko te tukatuka i te wai tote tonu.ngā kiriuhi RO pēhanga teitei (HPRO) kei te hangaia hei whakahaere i ngā whāngai tae atu ki70 karamu/rita NaCli ngā pēhanga o130 paeMā te whakaora i te wai tāpiri mai i te awa tote—e pana ana i te whakaoranga "whānui" o te tipu ki te kore tukunga wai (ZLD)—ka tata atu tātou ki te ōhanga wai porowhita.

Whakarāpopototanga

Ahakoa kei te tohua e koe ngā kiriuhi mō tētahi tipu tango tote ā-tāone, mō tētahi tipu ahumahi rāneikaupapa whakaora waipara, ko te tere whakaora te ine e tohu ana i te pumau. Mai i ngā pūnaha wai moana paerewa 45% ki ngā whakaurunga whakaora-teitei 60% hou, he mārama te karere: kāore mātou e tango tote noa i te wai; kei te hangaia e mātou kia puta ai te hua nui rawa atu.

Ngā Kupumatua: Te Osmosis Whakamuri, te Kiriuhi RO, te Tango i te Tote o te Wai Moana, te Tere Whakaora, te Whakaora Pūnaha, SWRO, te RO Pēhanga-Teitei, te HPRO, te Huānga Kiriuhi, te Rere Uru, te Kukū o te Tote, te Whakakorenga Tote, te Wai Whāngai, te Whare Tango i te Tote.