Ngaphaya koPhahla lwe-45%: Umda Omtsha weeNkumba zeRO zamanzi olwandle eziBuyiselwayo ngokuPhezulu

Kwicandelo lokususa ityuwa emanzini, i-equation ilula: kokukhona iphezuluizinga lokubuyisela i-osmosis ebuyela umva, ixabiso lakho liphantsi nge-cubic meter yamanzi acocekileyo. Kangangamashumi eminyaka, iinkqubo ze-reverse osmosis yamanzi olwandle (SWRO) bezisebenza kwindawo ekhululekileyo. Ukukhusela izinto ze-membrane ekungcoleni nasekulawuleni uxinzelelo lwe-osmotic lweenkwenkwezi, umgangatho oqhelekileyoukubuyiselwa kwenkquboI-RO yamanzi olwandle ahamba nge-single-pass ivalwe malunga35% ukuya kwi-45%.

Kodwa kuthekani ukuba ungatyhala elo nani liye50% okanye 60%ngaphandle kokulahla ubomi be-membrane?

Ngenxa yempumelelo eyenzekileyoi-RO enoxinzelelo oluphezulu (i-HPRO)ikhemistri ye-membrane kunye nolwakhiwo lwemodyuli, eli shishini ngoku lichaza ngokutsha oko kuthethwa "kukusebenza kakuhle". Olu tshintsho lubaluleke kakhulu—kungekuphela nje ekulondolozweni kwamanzi, kodwa nasekuphileni kakuhle kwezoqoqosho kwezityalo zokukhupha ityuwa kwixesha elizayo.

"Iindlela Ezintathu Zokubuyisela Ubomi" Okufuneka Uzazi

Ngaphambi kokuba ungene kwi-teknoloji, kubalulekile ukwahlula phakathi kweemeko ezahlukeneyo "zokubuyisela," njengoko ukudideka apha kunokukhokelela kuyilo lwenkqubo oluneziphene:

• Uvavanyo oluQhelekileyo lokuBuyisa:Ukusebenza okusisiseko okulinganiswa ngabavelisi (ngesiqhelo~10%kwi-membrane enye yamanzi olwandle phantsi kweemeko zelebhu ezilawulwayo). Le ayisiyonjongo yokusebenza; yimilinganiselo.
• Ukubuyiswa Kwezinto Zokwenyani:Umda wokwenyani wento enye ye-membrane yamanzi olwandle engama-intshi angama-40. Ukuthintelaukuphola koxinzelelokunye nobukhulu kwicala letyuwa, oku akufuneki kudlule kwi-~18%.
• Ukubuyiselwa kweNkqubo:Isimbukuukuhamba kwamanziyahlulwe ngenani lilonkeukuhamba kokutyayeyunithi yonke ye-RO. Kwiinkqubo ezinkulu zoshishino, oku kufezekiswa ngokucwangcisa ii-membranes ngokulandelelana, oku kutyhalela ukubuyiselwa ngokupheleleyo kwi-75-90% yamanzi amdaka, kwaye ngoku, sityhala i-envelope yamanzi olwandle.

Ingxaki Yokuchacha Okukhulu Ekususweni Kwetyuwa Kumanzi Olwandle

Iinkqubo ze-SWRO eziqhelekileyo azihlali kakuhle kuluhlu lwe-35-45% ngenxa yefiziksi. Njengoko ukhupha amanzi, amanzi okutya kwicala lokulahlwa aya eqina ngakumbi. Oku kukhokelela kwimiba emibini:

• Uxinzelelo lwe-Osmotic Spike:Amandla okuqhuba (uxinzelelo lokuqhuba olupheleleyo) ehla kakhulu.
• Umngcipheko Wokwandisa Ubungakanani:Iityuwa ezinyibilikayo kancinci (ezifana ne-calcium carbonate okanye i-calcium sulfate) zifikelela ekugcwaleni nasekuweni kwamanziumphezulu wenwebu.

Nangona kunjalo, izifundo zovavanyo zakutshanje—kuquka imisebenzi kwiindawo ezinobungozi obukhulu njengeArabian Gulf—zibonise ukuba iinkqubo eziphambili ngoku zinokufikelelaukusebenza okuzinzileyo kwi-50-60% yokubuyisela.

Indlela Iingqamlezo Zanamhlanje Eziphula Ngayo Umqobo

Ukufikelela kwezi nqanaba ziphezulu zokubuyela kwimeko yesiqhelo akupheleli nje ekuguquleni ivalvu; kufuna uphuhliso olupheleleyo lweinto yelwembungokwayo:

• Ukwandiswa kokungena kwamanzi kunye nokudluliselwa kobuninzi:Ikhemistri yefilimu encinci ephucukileyo (TFC) iyandaukuvuleka kwamanzingaphandle kokuyekelelaukwaliwa kwetyuwaUkumodela kubonisa ukuba ukuphinda kabini umbane osisiseko kunokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla ngama-23% xa uphinda ubuye ngama-50%.

• Ulawulo oluPhezulu lokuKhawuleza:Imiphezulu emitsha ye-membrane yenzelwe ukuphazamisa ukwakheka kweeminerali, okuvumelaisixhobo sokucoca amanzi anetyuwaukusebenza nzima ngaphandle kokwenza impazamo.

• Ubuchule bokudlula kabini:Kwizityalo ezinkulu ezifana nesakhiwo saseTorrevieja eSpain, kusetyenziswa icebo eliphindwe kabini. Indlela yokuqala yokungena emanzini olwandle isebenza eUkubuyiselwa kwe-45%(usebenzisa abantu abangaphezu kwama-25,000 izinto), ngelixa ipasi yesibiniInkqubo ye-RO yamanzi amdaka ifumana into emangalisayoUkubuyiselwa kwe-90%, ukuqinisekisa ukuba isivuno samanzi siphelele siyaphucuka.

Ikamva: Unyango lweHypersaline Brine

Umda olandelayo ulele ekunyangeni ityuwa ngokwayo.ii-membrane ze-RO (HPRO) ezinoxinzelelo oluphezulu zenzelwe ukuphatha ii-feeds ukuya kuthi ga kwi70 g/L NaClkwiingcinezelo zeIbha ye-130Ngokufumana amanzi angaphezulu kumjelo wamanzi anetyuwa—ukutyhala ukubuyiselwa “ngokupheleleyo” kwesityalo ukuya ekukhutshweni kolwelo olupheleleyo (ZLD)—sisondela kuqoqosho lwamanzi olujikelezayo.

Isishwankathelo

Nokuba uchaza iimembrane zesityalo sokukhupha ityuwa sikamasipala okanye imboniiprojekthi yokubuyisela amanzi amdaka, izinga lokubuyiselwa kwamanzi yimilinganiselo elawula uzinzo. Ukususela kwiinkqubo zamanzi olwandle eziqhelekileyo ezingama-45% ukuya kwiindawo ezisemgangathweni zokufakela amanzi aphezulu ezingama-60%, umyalezo ucacile: asisasusi nje ityuwa emanzini; siwayila ukuze avelise isivuno esiphezulu.

Amagama angundoqo: I-Reverse Osmosis, i-RO Membrane, i-Sea Water Saline, i-Recovery Rate, i-System Recovery, i-SWRO, i-High-Pressure RO, i-HPRO, i-Membrane Element, i-Permeate Flow, i-Brine Concentration, i-Salt Regulation, i-Feed Water, i-Desaline Plant.