Hejuru y'igisenge cya 45%: Umupaka Mushya w'Uturemangingo twa RO tw'amazi yo mu nyanja asubiramo cyane

Mu rwego rwo gukura umunyu mu mazi, ikigereranyo ni cyoroshye: uko amazi yawe aba menshiigipimo cyo kugarura osmosis mu buryo bwa reverse, ikiguzi cyawe kuri metero kibe y'amazi meza kiragabanuka. Mu myaka ibarirwa muri za mirongo, sisitemu ya SWRO (amazi yo mu nyanja) yakoreye mu gace gatuje. Kugira ngo birinde ibintu bya membrane kwanduzwa no gucunga umuvuduko wa osmotic, hakoreshwa uburyo busanzwe bwo kugabanya ikiguzi cyabyo kuri metero kibe imwe.kugarura sisitemuku mazi yo mu nyanja ya RO imwe yagabanijwe hafiKuva kuri 35% kugeza kuri 45%.

Ariko se byagenda bite uramutse ushoboye gusunika iyo nomero ukayishyira kuri50% cyangwa ndetse 60%hatabayeho kwigomwa ubuzima bw'urukiramende?

Kubera iterambere ryabaye muriRO ifite umuvuduko mwinshi (HPRO)imiterere ya membrane chemistry na module, inganda ubu zirimo kuvugurura icyo "gukora neza" bivuze. Iyi mpinduka ni ingenzi—atari mu kubungabunga amazi gusa, ahubwo no mu iterambere ry’ubukungu bw’inganda zikuraho umunyu mu gihe kizaza.

"Inzira eshatu zo kugarura ubuzima" ugomba kumenya

Mbere yo kwinjira mu ikoranabuhanga, ni ngombwa gutandukanya imiterere itandukanye yo "gusubirana," kuko urujijo hano rushobora gutera imiterere mibi ya sisitemu:

• Gusubira mu Isuzuma Risanzwe:Imikorere y'ibanze ipimwa n'abakora (ubusanzwe~ 10%ku gice kimwe cy'urukiramende rw'amazi yo mu nyanja mu gihe cyagenwe muri laboratwari). Iyi si intego y'imikorere; ni igipimo ngenderwaho.
• Kugarura ibintu nyabyo:Umupaka nyawo w'ikintu kimwe cya santimetero 40 cy'amazi yo mu nyanja. Kugira ngo hirindwepolarisation y'ibipimon'ibipimo ku ruhande rw'amazi y'umunyu, ibi muri rusange ntibigomba kurenga ~ 18%.
• Kugarura sisitemu:Igiteranyo cyoseamazi anyura mu kirerebigabanyijemo igiteranyo cyoseurujya n'uruza rw'ibiryoy'ishami ryose rya RO. Ku nganda nini, ibi bigerwaho hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo gushyira ibice mu byiciro, bigatera imbaraga zo kugarura ibintu muri rusange ku75-90% ku mazi y'umunyu, none, dushyira imbaraga mu gushakisha amazi yo mu nyanja.

Ikibazo cyo kongera kwiyubaka mu mazi yo mu nyanja

Sisitemu zisanzwe za SWRO zihagarara hagati ya 35-45% bitewe na fiziki. Uko ukura amazi, amazi yo ku ruhande rwanze arushaho kuba menshi cyane. Ibi bitera ibibazo bibiri:

• Umuvuduko wa Osmotike:Imbaraga zo gutwara (umuvuduko w'ingufu) ziragabanuka cyane.
• Ingaruka zo kwagura umusaruro:Umunyu ushongesha gato (nka karuboneti cyangwa sulfate ya kalisiyumu) ​​ugera ku munyu no ku mazi kuubuso bw'urukiramende.

Ariko, ubushakashatsi bw’igerageza buherutse gukorwa—harimo ibikorwa mu turere dufite ibyago byinshi byo kwangiza ikirere nko mu Kigobe cya Arabiya—bwagaragaje ko sisitemu zigezweho ubu zishobora kugera kuimikorere ihamye ku kigero cya 50-60%.

Uburyo Uturemangingo twa none turimo gusenya uruzitiro

Kugera kuri ibi bipimo byo kuzamuka kw'ingufu si uguhindura imiterere y'umubiri gusa; bisaba impinduka nziza mu buryo bwuzuye.igice cy'urukiramendeubwabyo:

• Kongera ubushobozi bwo kwinjira no kohereza ibintu byinshi:Ubutabire bwa thin-film composite (TFC) bukomeje kwiyongeraamazi adashobora kwinjiranta gucika integekwanga umunyuIsuzuma ry’imashini rigaragaza ko gupima inshuro eshatu ubushobozi bwo kwinjira mu butaka busanzwe bishobora kugabanya ikoreshwa ry’ingufu ku kigero cya 23% mu gihe 50% byongeye gukoreshwa..

• Kugenzura Ibipimo Byiza:Ubuso bushya bw'urukiramende bwakozwe kugira ngo buhungabanye ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry'amabuye y'agaciro, bigatumaicyuma gikungahaye ku munyugukora cyane nta gukosa.

• Ubuhanga bwo gutsinda inshuro ebyiri:Mu nganda nini nka Torrevieja muri Esipanye, hakoreshwa ingamba ebyiri. Inzira ya mbere y'amazi yo mu nyanja ikorera kuri45% byo kugarura ubuzima(ikoresha abantu barenga 25.000 ibintu), mu gihe ipasi ya kabirisisitemu ya RO y'amazi y'umunyu agera ku kintu gitangaje90% byo kugarura ubuzima, kugenzura ko umusaruro w'amazi yose uboneka ku rugero rwo hejuru.

Ahazaza: Uburyo bwo kuvura ibinure bikabije

Igice gikurikiraho kiri mu kuvura amazi y'umunyu ubwawo.uturemangingo twa RO (HPRO) dufite umuvuduko mwinshi birimo gukorwa kugira ngo bifashe mu gucunga amakuru kugeza ku70 g/L NaClku gitutu cyaAkabari 130Mu kugarura amazi y'inyongera mu mugezi w'amazi y'umunyu—bituma uruganda rusubira mu buryo rusange kugeza ku gipimo nta mazi asohoka (ZLD)—tuba twegereye ubukungu bw'amazi azunguruka.

Incamake

Waba urimo gushyiraho utwuma tw’inganda dukoreshwa mu gukuramo umunyu mu mijyi cyangwa mu ngandaumushinga wo kugarura amazi yanduye, igipimo cyo kugarura amazi ni cyo gipimo kigaragaza uburyo amazi arambye agumaho. Kuva kuri sisitemu zisanzwe z’amazi yo mu nyanja 45% kugeza ku zigezweho 60% zivugurura amazi menshi, ubutumwa burasobanutse neza: ntitukiri gukuramo umunyu mu mazi gusa; turimo kuyatunganya kugira ngo atange umusaruro mwinshi.

Amagambo y'ingenzi: Osmosis yo mu mazi, RO Membrane, Gukuraho umunyu mu mazi yo mu nyanja, Igipimo cyo kugarura, Gusubiza sisitemu, SWRO, RO ifite umuvuduko mwinshi, HPRO, Igice cy'umunyu, Gutemba kw'amazi, Kwiyongera k'amazi mu mazi, Kwanga umunyu, Amazi yo kugaburira, Uruganda rwo gukura umunyu mu mazi.