He Pukapuka Whakahaere mō te Pūnaha Maimoatanga Wai Osmosis Whakamuri (RO)

1. Tirohanga Whānui o te Pūnaha RO

Ko te pūnaha Osmosis Whakamuri e whakahaere ana i runga i te mātāpono o te wehenga kiriuhi haurua-permeable. Mā te pēhanga nui atu i te pēhanga osmotic o te wai whāngai, ka panaia ngā ngota wai mā roto i te kiriuhi, ā, ka peia te nuinga o ngā totoka rewa, ngā huakita, ngā huaketo, me ngā matū waro.

He maha ngā wāhanga matua o tētahi pūnaha RO noa:

• Pūnaha Whakaora-mua (ngā tātari onepu, ngā tātari waro whakahohe, ngā whakangawari, te tātaritanga tino pai rānei)
• Papu Pēhanga-Teitei
• Ngā Kōwae Membrane RO
• Ngā Ipu Pēhanga
• Pūnaha Taputapu me te Whakahaere
• Pūnaha Horoi-i-te-Wāhi (CIP)
• Tāke Rokiroki Wai Hua

He mea nui te maimoatanga i mua i te tukanga hei tiaki i ngā kiriuhi RO mai i te poke, te tauine, me te kino o ngā matū.

2. Te Tukanga Tīmatanga

I mua i te tīmatanga o te pūnaha RO, me tirotirohia e ngā kaiwhakahaere ngā taputapu katoa, kia mōhio ai kua rite te pūnaha mō te whakamahi.

1. Tirotiro Pūnaha

• Tirohia mēnā kei te tūranga mahi tika ngā takirere katoa.
• Me manatoko kei te pumau te puna wai whāngai, ā, kei te tutuki i ngā paerewa maimoatanga o mua e hiahiatia ana.
• Me whakarite kei te tika te mahi a ngā papu, ngā taputapu me ngā hononga hiko katoa.

• Tīmatahia te pūnaha maimoatanga o mua i te tuatahi kia mōhio ai kei te tutuki te kounga o te wai whāngai i ngā whakaritenga hoahoa.
• Me whakaū kei roto i ngā rohe e whakaaetia ana te paru, ngā taumata hauwaiwai, me te pakeke.

• Whakatuwheratia te takirere horoi hei horoi i ngā kiriuhi RO ki te wai pēhanga iti mō ētahi meneti.
• Ka āwhina tēnei ki te tango i te hau mai i te pūnaha, ā, ka ārai hoki i ngā ru pēhanga ohorere.

• Whakanuia mārire te pēhanga me te aroturuki i ngā tawhā pūnaha pēnei i te pēhanga whāngai, te pēhanga kukū, me te tere rere uru.
• Āraia te pikinga ohorere o te pēhanga ka kino pea ngā wāhanga o te kiriuhi.

• Tukua te pūnaha kia whakahaere mō te 10–20 meneti kia tau ai te rere o te wai me te kawe hiko.
• Tuhia ngā raraunga whakahaere tūāpapa tae atu ki te pēhanga whāngai, te pēhanga rerekētanga, te kawe uruhanga, me te tere whakaora.

3. Aroturukitanga Mahi Noa

I te wā e mahi ana te pūnaha, me aroturuki tonu e ngā kaiwhakahaere ngā tawhā whakahaere matua kia pai ai te mahi a te pūnaha.

Ko ngā tawhā nui ko:

• Pēhanga Whāngai
• Te Pēhanga Rerekē puta noa i ngā kiriuhi
• Te Tere Rere o te Uru
• Tere Rere Kukū
• Te Auau Whakaora
• Te Arahi Uru
• Te pāmahana

Ko ngā huringa rerekē o ēnei tawhā ka tohu pea i te poke o te kiriuhi, te unahi, te hē rānei o te taputapu.

Me tuhi e ngā kaiwhakahaere ngā raraunga pūnaha i ngā wā auau, i ia hāora i roto i ngā tono ahumahi. Mā te pupuri i ngā rārangi mahi tika ka āwhina i te tautuhi i ngā au mahi mō te wā roa.

4. Te Tukanga Whakaweto Pūnaha

Mā ngā tikanga whakaweto tika ka āwhina i te tiaki i ngā kiriuhi RO me te whakaroa i te roa o te ora o te pūnaha.

1. Whakaitihia mārire te pēhanga whakahaere.
2. Whakamutua te papu pēhanga teitei.
3. Horoia ngā kiriuhi ki te wai whāngai iti te pēhanga hei tango i ngā tote kukū.
4. Katia ngā takirere katoa e tika ana.

Mena ka noho tuimotu te pūnaha mō ngā haora neke atu i te 24–48, he mea pai kia horoia te pūnaha ki ngā matū tiaki hei ārai i te tipu o ngā moroiti.

5. Te Horoi me te Tiaki i te Membrane

I roto i te wā, ka kohia pea e ngā kiriuhi RO ngā rauemi poke pērā i ngā totoka i whakatārewatia, ngā mea rauropi, ngā tipu koiora, ngā putunga unahi rānei. Me horoi ina puta ēnei āhuatanga:

• Ka heke te rere o te wai e uru ana ki roto i te 10–15%
• Ka piki ake te pēhanga rerekētanga mā te 15–20%
• Ka tino heke te whakakorenga tote

Ko ngā tikanga horoi ko:

• Te horoi waikawa mō te tango unahi
• Te horoi kawakore mō te poke rauropi me te poke koiora
• Ngā kaihoko horoi motuhake i runga i te momo poke

Me whakahaere te horoi mā te whakamahi i tētahi pūnaha CIP (Horoi-i-te-Wāhi) i raro i ngā tikanga pāmahana me te rere e whakahaerehia ana.

6. Ngā Whakaaro Haumaru

Me whai ngā kaiwhakahaere i ngā tikanga haumaru paerewa ina whakahaere ana i ngā pūnaha RO:

• Mauria ngā taputapu tiaki e tika ana ina pā ana ki ngā matū.
• Kia tino mohio kei maroke ngā papu.
• Ārai i ngā panonitanga ohorere o te pēhanga i roto i te pūnaha.
• Whāia ngā aratohu haumaru hiko ina mahi ana me ngā papa whakahaere.

He mea nui te whakangungu tika i ngā kaimahi whakahaere hei ārai i te kino o ngā taputapu, hei whakarite hoki i te haumaru o te whakahaere.

7. Whakamutunga

Ko te mahi pono o tētahi pūnaha Osmosis Whakamuri e whakawhirinaki ana ki ngā tikanga tīmatanga tika, te aroturuki tonu i ngā tawhā whakahaere, me ngā mahi tiaki tika. Mā te whai i ngā aratohu whakahaere paerewa, ka taea e ngā kaiwhakahaere te whakanui ake i te roa o te ora o te membrane, te pupuri i te kounga wai pumau, me te whakarite i te mahi pai o te pūnaha.

Ehara i te mea ka whakaitihia ngā utu whakahaere e tētahi pūnaha RO e whakahaeretia pai ana, engari ka whakaratohia hoki he otinga pumau, pono hoki mō te whakaputa wai kounga teitei i roto i te whānuitanga o ngā tono.