Me pēhea te whakatau i te raru mēnā ka pakaru te membrane osmosis whakamuri?

1.Me mahi ngā mea e toru i te tuatahi: Whakakorehia ngā "hapa rūpahu"

Whakatikatika tuatahi

• He maha ngā wā ka "hē" ngā ine pēhanga, ngā mita rere, me ngā mita kawe hiko: hei tauira, ka mau te mita rere, ka hē te whakatau i te hekenga o te whakaputanga wai; ki te hē te ine pēhanga, tera pea ka pohehetia he pēhanga rerekē.
• Tikanga whakatikatika māmā: whakamahia he ine pēhanga tāpiri hei whakatairite i te wai tomo / te pēhanga wai kukū; Whakatikatikahia te mita kawe hiko ki tētahi otinga paerewa (hei tauira, 100μS/cm) kia pono ai ngā raraunga.

Tirohia ngā raraunga hītori kia kitea ai te "tīmatanga rerekē"

• Tangohia ngā tuhinga o ngā marama 1-3 kua hipa (ki te kore koe e tuhi, me maumahara koe i te wā e whai ake nei!). ), whakatairitehia ngā raraunga matua i mua atu me muri i te rahunga:
• Kua heke te hanga wai? Kei te piki haere te pēhanga i te wā kotahi?
• He kino te kounga o te wai? Kua hipa kē atu te toenga o te hauota me te paru o te wai hau i te paerewa?
• Mā te whakatairite raraunga ka āwhina i a koe ki te whakawhāiti i te whānuitanga, hei tauira, ko te "iti o te whakaputanga wai + pikinga pēhanga" te tūponotanga o te parahanga, ā, ko te "iti o te whakaputanga wai + nui o te haukini toenga" tērā pea kua waikurahia te kiriuhi.

Inehia te kounga o te wai rere hei whakakore i ngā "raruraru pūtake"

• Ko te tomokanga wai te "rārangi" o te kiriuhi, ā, ko te kounga wai ngoikore ka arahi tika ki te pakaru, e aro ana ki ngā mea e toru:
• Te pōuriuri: >1NTU = Te korenga o te maimoatanga i mua (hei tauira, te horoinga o te tātari);
• Te toenga o te hauota: >0.1mg/L = me whakapūkara te kiriuhi (me whakakapi te waro whakahohe);
• Te pakeketanga/te nui o te silicon: he māmā noa te whakatau i te nui rawa, ā, me arotahi ki te rangahau whai muri.
• Tohutohu: Whakamahia te "tikanga pani" hei ine i ngā moroiti, ā, mā te pahūtanga ohorere o ngā huakita ka "pā" te kiriuhi.

2.3 ngā āhuatanga hapa nui, te rangahau taahiraa i te taahiraa (me ngā whakaaro otinga)

Horopaki 1: He nui te hekenga o te wai e puta mai ana (kia tūpato kei heke iho i te 10%). Me titiro tuatahi tātou ki te "raruraru kore-kiri-pūtau": Kei waho te tawhā i te rārangi tika?

• He iti te pāmahana o te wai e tomo mai ana?

Mō ia 1°Ka heke te pāmahana C, ka heke te hanga wai mā te 2-3%! Hei tauira, ki te makariri te wai whenua i te takurua, tahurihia wawe te taputapu whakamahana, whakatikatikahia ki te 20-25°C (te pāmahana tino pai o te kiriuhi), ā, mātakitakina mēnā kua hoki mai te rōrahi wai.

• Kāore i te nui te ahotea?

Mena he iti iho i te 1.0MPa te pēhanga wai whakauru (tirohia te tauira membrane, ko ētahi he 1.5MPa), tirohia te papu pēhanga teitei: He noa te iahiko? He tuwhera katoa te takirere kawemai? Mena he nui ake te rerekētanga pēhanga o te tātari maimoatanga i mua i te 0.1MPa, me horoi ki muri, ā, e kore e piki te pēhanga mena ka āraia.

• He nui rawa te auau hangarua?

Neke atu i te 10% te tere whakaora i te uara hoahoa, he nui rawa te kukū o te wai kukū, ā, kāore e taea e te kiriuhi te "haere mā roto i te wai". Whakatikatikahia te takirere tuku wai matotoru hei whakaiti i te tere whakaora, kātahi ka tirohia te rōrahi wai.

• Tirohia anō "te kiriuhi tonu": kua āraia, kua pakaru rānei?
• Hipanga 1: Tirohia "Te Putanga Mai - Te Rerekētanga o te Pēhanga Wai Kukū"
  Ko te rerekētanga pēhanga noa Te pikinga puhoi o te rerekētanga o te pēhanga (1-3 marama) + te pikinga wai: te poke korōra/ora (tangohia te kiriuhi pito kotahi kia kite ai mēnā he paparanga piri, he putunga parauri-kōwhai rānei kei runga i te mata).
• Hipanga 2: Whakaū i te momo poke
  Te whakapae he unahi (he pakeke rawa te wai e inuhia ana): inehia te pakeke o te wai kukū, whakamātauria rānei te tāpiri i te wai ki te pīkara (waikawa haitarika 1-3%), ki te taea te horoi, he unahi kē;
  Te whakapae he poke koiora: waruhia ngā paru i runga i te mata o te kiriuhi, tirohia mēnā he moroiti kei raro i te karuārai, whakahoromatahia i te tuatahi, kātahi ka horoia ki te kawakore.
• Hipanga 3: Tirohia mēnā he kino ā-tinana kei te kiriata. Whai muri i te whakakorenga o te poke me ngā raruraru tawhā, tangohia te anga kiriata ka tirohia:
  Mowhiti hiri: ka arahi te koroheketanga me te whakarerekētanga ki te rere o te wai, ka pā kino ki te nui o te wai, ngana ki te huri ki tētahi mowhiti hiri hou;
  Diaphragm: He kita me ngā roimata (pērā i te tere rawa o te pēhanga papu pēhanga teitei), ā, ko ngā wāhanga o te membrane ka taea anake te whakakapi, kāore he ara kē atu.

Horopaki 2: Kounga kino o te wai i whakaputaina (te kawe hiko teitei / TDS)

• Kua pakaru te hiri o te huānga kiriuhi?

Kei te tawhito haere te "mowhiti hiri ngongo pokapū" i ngā pito e rua o te kiriuhi, ā, kua hē te tūnga, ā, ka rere te wai kukū mai i te ngongo pokapū ki te wai whakaputa. Ina tangohia te kiriata, ka pakaru, ka hē te āhua o te mowhiti rapa, ā, ka whakakapia ki tētahi mea hou.

• Kei te turuturu te taupoki o te anga kiriuhi?

Pania te hononga o te taupoki pito ki te wai hopi, ki te mea he mirumiru, ka turuturu! Whakahokia te mowhiti-O, whakauhia te pūtu kia ōrite, kaua e takai piko.

✨ Tohutohu: Tikanga rangahau kiriuhi kotahi
Mena he maha ngā kiriuhi e honoa raupapa ana, ka honoa motuhake ia kiriuhi ki te taputapu whakamātautau, ā, ka inehia te kawe hiko mā te tomokanga wai paerewa.

• Tirohia anō te "mahi o te membrane": Kei te heke iho?
• Ka pōturi haere te pirau (1-3 marama): Ko te parahanga pea

Ka kapi te mata o te kiriuhi i te parahanga rauropi (hei tauira, te waikawa humic), ka whakaiti i te tere pupuri, ā, ka horoia ki te horoi kawakore (konutai hauwai 0.5-1%) + te matū horoi;
Ka whakangaromia te hanganga o te kiriuhi koiora, ka whakahoromatahia tuatahitia (ka rumakina ki te konutai hauhāora 50-100mg/rita), kātahi ka horoia ki te kawakore.

• Te pirau ohorere (1-2 rā): Kia tūpato ki te "whakakorenga o te kiriuhi"

Mena ka inehia te toenga o te chlorine i roto i te wai e whakamahia ana > 0.1mg/L, ka haukotia te "anga" o te kiriuhi (te polyamide kakara), ā, ka whakaitihia te tere pupuri mō ake tonu atu! I tēnei wā, ka taea e koe te whakarerekē i te kiriata anake, ā, i te wā e whai ake nei me aroturuki koe i te toenga o te chlorine. Hei whakamutunga, tirohia te "maimoatanga o mua": Kāore e aukati ana i ngā poke?

• Ko te maimoatanga i mua ko te "rārangi tuatahi o te parepare" e kore e angitu ina tāpirihia tika ngā poke ki te kiriata:
• Tātari maha-pāpāho: neke atu i te 0.15MPa te rerekētanga pēhanga me te kore e horoi whakamuri, ka uru te paru ki te kiriata;
• Tātari waro whakahohe: neke atu i te haurua tau te whakamahinga, te urunga o te hauota toenga, te kiriata waikura;
• Tātari tika: Kāore te huānga tātari e whakawhitia mō te neke atu i te 3-6 marama, ā, ka āraia e ngā matūriki te kiriuhi.
• Otinga: Horoia te wai whakamuri, whakakapia te mea whakakapi, whakatikahia te maimoatanga o mua, kātahi ka tirohia te kounga o te wai.

Horopaki 3: Te pēhanga mahi rerekē (te pikinga ohorere / te hekenga ohorere)

• Kua āraia te paipa kukū?

Tirohia te takirere tuku wai kukū: ngana ki te whakawhiti ā-ringa, kua mau? Ka tangohia te mita rere wai matotoru hei horoi i ngā poke o roto, ā, ki te āraia, kāore e taea e te wai kukū te rere ki waho, ā, ka piki ake te pēhanga.

• Kua āraia te arai o te membrane?

Ka āraia e te parahanga matūriki te awa rere o te pito tomo o te kiriata, ki te mea he puranga matūriki kei te pito tomo, horoia ki te wai pēhanga teitei i raro i te 0.3MPa, kaua e whakamahi i te pēhanga teitei rawa, ka horoia te kiriata.

• He turuturu kei te taha o te tomokanga wai?

Tirohia te paipa whakauru wai, te pūwero papu pēhanga teitei: he turuturu kei reira? Mena ka wetekina te pūtu, ka whakakīia rānei, ka whakakapia te gasket mena kua pakaru, ā, mā te turuturu o te wai ka kore e ranea te pēhanga tuturu.

• Kua pakaru te papu pēhanga teitei?

Whakarongo ki te tangi o te papu: ki te puta he haruru rerekē, kua pakaru te impeller; Tirohia te ia: ko te iti o te ia pea nā te urunga o te papu. Wetekina te papu mō te tiaki, ā, whakakapia te papu ki te kore e mahi.

• Kua pakaru te kiriuhi?

Kua pakaru te diaphragm i tētahi wāhi nui, ā, ka rere tika te wai e tomo mai ana ki roto i te wai whakaputa, ā, kāore e taea te hanga i te pēhanga, ka hua ake hoki tēnei i te kounga wai kino. Mēnā he kōhao, whakawhitia te kiriata.

• Me aha i muri i te tirotirohanga: manatoko + tuhi kia kore ai e mahi anō i te hara e whai ake nei
• Manatokohia te pānga:

ki te mea kua whakatikatikaina ngā tawhā, whakahaerehia tonutia mō ngā hāora 24 kia kite ai mēnā kua hoki te rahinga wai, te kounga wai, me te pēhanga ki te āhua noa;

Mena ka horoia te kiriata, ko te tere whakaora o te wai i puta i muri i te horoinga me ≥ 80%, ā, me tutuki te kounga o te wai i te paerewa kia kiia ai he angitu;

Ki te whakawhitia te kiriata, horoia ki te pēhanga iti mō te 30 meneti (i raro iho i te 0.2MPa) i muri i te whakakapinga, kātahi ka mahi rite tonu.

• Whakamaumahara Haumaru:

Me whakaiti te pēhanga i te wā whakatā! Whakawetohia te papu pēhanga teitei, ka whakatuwhera i te takirere tuku wai kia kore ai e pēhanga teitei te anga o te kiriuhi me te whara i te wā wetewete; Tangohia te kiriata ka ata pupuri, kaua e pakaru te kiriuhi.

• Puritia he rangitaki pai:

Tuhia te tukanga tirotiro, ngā take, me ngā otinga, ka whakatairite tika i aua hapa ki ngā hapa ōrite i te wā e whai ake nei, kia penapena ai i te wā me te kaha.