Buka ea Ts'ebetso bakeng sa Sistimi ea Phekolo ea Metsi ea Reverse Osmosis (RO)

1. Kakaretso ea Sistimi ea RO

Sistimi ea Reverse Osmosis e sebetsa ho latela molao-motheo oa karohano ea lera le kenellang hanyane. Ka ho sebelisa khatello e fetang khatello ea osmotic ea metsi a fepang, limolek'hule tsa metsi li qobelloa ho feta lera ha boholo ba lintho tse tiileng tse qhibilihisitsoeng, libaktheria, livaerase le metsoako ea lintho tse phelang li haneloa.

Sistimi e tloaelehileng ea RO e na le likarolo tse 'maloa tsa bohlokoa:

• Sistimi ea Pele ho Kalafo (lifilthara tsa lehlabathe, lifilthara tsa khabone e sebetsang, li-softeners, kapa ultrafiltration)
• Pompo ea Khatello e Phahameng
• Li-module tsa RO lera
• Lijana tsa Khatello
• Sistimi ea Lisebelisoa le Taolo
• Sistimi ea ho Hloekisa Sebakeng (CIP)
• Tanka ea Polokelo ea Metsi ea Sehlahisoa

Kalafo pele ho nako e bohlokoa ho sireletsa lera la RO hore le se ke la silafatsoa, ​​la kheleha le la tshenyo ya dikhemikhale.

2. Mokhoa oa ho Qala Khoebo

Pele o qala sistimi ea RO, basebetsi ba lokela ho etsa tlhahlobo e felletseng ea lisebelisoa tsohle le ho netefatsa hore sistimi e se e loketse ho sebetsa.

1. Tlhahlobo ea Sisteme

• Netefatsa hore di-valve tsohle di boemong bo nepahetseng ba ho sebetsa.
• Netefatsa hore phepelo ea metsi a fepang e tsitsitse ebile e fihlela litekanyetso tse hlokahalang tsa pele ho kalafo.
• Netefatsa hore lipompo tsohle, lisebelisoa le likhokahano tsa motlakase li sebetsa hantle.

• Qala sistimi ea pele ho kalafo pele ho nako ho netefatsa hore boleng ba metsi a fepa bo fihlela litlhoko tsa moralo.
• Netefatsa hore ho ba le mongobo, maemo a chlorine le ho tiea ha tsona li ka har'a meeli e amohelehang.

• Bula valve ea ho ntsha metsi ho ntša metsi a RO ka metsi a nang le khatello e tlase metsotso e 'maloa.
• Sena se thusa ho tlosa moea tsamaisong le ho thibela ho sisinyeha ha khatello ka tšohanyetso.

• Eketsa kgatello butle-butle ha o ntse o lekola diparamente tsa sistimi tse kang kgatello ya phepelo, kgatello ya ho tsepamisa maikutlo, le sekgahla sa phallo e kenang ka hare.
• Qoba keketseho e potlakileng ea khatello e ka senyang likarolo tsa lera.

• Lumella sistimi ho sebetsa metsotso e 10-20 ho fihlela phallo e kenellang le ho tsamaisa metsi ho tsitsitse.
• Rekota lintlha tsa ts'ebetso ea motheo ho kenyeletsoa khatello ea phepelo, khatello e fapaneng, ho khanna ho kenellang, le sekhahla sa ho hlaphoheloa.

3. Tlhokomelo e Tloaelehileng ea Ts'ebetso

Nakong ea ts'ebetso e tloaelehileng, basebetsi ba tlameha ho lekola liparamente tsa bohlokoa tsa ts'ebetso khafetsa ho netefatsa ts'ebetso e ntle ea sistimi.

Litekanyetso tsa bohlokoa li kenyelletsa:

• Khatello ea Phepo
• Khatello e fapaneng ho pholletsa le lera
• Sekhahla sa Phallo ea ho Fihla
• Sekhahla sa Phallo ea Mahlo
• Sekhahla sa Pholiso
• Phetla Motlakase
• Thempereichara

Phetoho efe kapa efe e sa tloaelehang liparamenteng tsena e ka bontša ho silafala ha lera, ho hola, kapa ho se sebetse hantle ha lisebelisoa.

Basebelisi ba lokela ho rekota data ea sistimi ka linako tse tloaelehileng, hangata hora e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe lits'ebetsong tsa indasteri. Ho boloka litlaleho tse nepahetseng tsa ts'ebetso ho thusa ho khetholla mekhoa ea ts'ebetso ea nako e telele.

4. Mokhoa oa ho Thibela Sistimi

Mekhoa e nepahetseng ea ho koala e thusa ho sireletsa lera la RO le ho lelefatsa nako ea tsamaiso.

1. Fokotsa butle-butle khatello ea ts'ebetso.
2. Emisa pompo ea khatello e phahameng.
3. Hlatsoa masela ka metsi a nang le khatello e tlase ho tlosa letsoai le tiileng.
4. Kwala di-valve tsohle tse amehang.

Haeba sistimi e tla be e sa sebetse ka nako e fetang lihora tse 24-48, ho kgothaletswa ho hlatswa sistimi ka dikhemikhale tse bolokang ho thibela kgolo ya dikokwana-hloko.

5. Ho Hloekisa le ho Hlokomela Membrane

Ha nako e ntse e ea, lera la RO le ka 'na la bokella lintho tse silafatsang tse kang lintho tse tiileng tse emisitsoeng, lintho tse phelang, kholo ea baeloji, kapa masala a sekala. Ho hloekisoa hoa hlokahala ha maemo a latelang a hlaha:

• Phallo ea metsi e fokotseha ka 10–15%
• Khatello e fapaneng e eketseha ka 15–20%
• Ho lahloa ha letsoai ho fokotseha haholo

Mekhoa ea ho hloekisa hangata e kenyelletsa:

• Ho hlwekisa asiti bakeng sa ho tlosa sekala
• Ho hlwekisa alkaline bakeng sa litšila tsa tlhaho le tsa baeloji
• Lisebelisoa tse khethehileng tsa ho hloekisa ho latela mofuta oa tšilafalo

Ho hlwekisa ho lokela ho etswa ho sebediswa sistimi ya CIP (Cleaning-In-Place) tlasa maemo a laolwang a mocheso le phallo.

6. Mehopolo ea Polokeho

Basebelisi ba lokela ho latela mekhoa e tloaelehileng ea polokeho ha ba sebelisa litsamaiso tsa RO:

• Apara lisebelisoa tse loketseng tsa tšireletso ha u sebetsana le lik'hemik'hale.
• Netefatsa hore lipompo ha li ome.
• Qoba liphetoho tse potlakileng tsa khatello tsamaisong.
• Latela litataiso tsa polokeho ea motlakase ha u sebetsa ka liphanele tsa taolo.

Koetliso e nepahetseng ea basebetsi ba sebetsang e bohlokoa ho thibela tšenyo ea lisebelisoa le ho netefatsa ts'ebetso e sireletsehileng.

7. Qetello

Ts'ebetso e tšepahalang ea sistimi ea Reverse Osmosis e itšetlehile ka mekhoa e nepahetseng ea ho qala, tlhokomelo e tsoelang pele ea liparamente tsa ts'ebetso, le mekhoa e nepahetseng ea tlhokomelo. Ka ho latela litataiso tse tloaelehileng tsa ts'ebetso, basebetsi ba ka eketsa nako ea bophelo ba lera, ba boloka boleng ba metsi bo tsitsitseng, le ho netefatsa ts'ebetso e sebetsang hantle ea sistimi.

Sistimi ea RO e laoloang hantle ha e fokotse litšenyehelo tsa ts'ebetso feela empa hape e fana ka tharollo e tsitsitseng le e tšepahalang bakeng sa tlhahiso ea metsi ea boleng bo holimo lits'ebetsong tse fapaneng.