25 yakajairwa mhinduro dze reverse osmosis membrane tekinoroji dambudziko (Chikamu 1)
Kazhinji, kana iyo yakajairwa flux inodzikira ne10-15%, kana desalination mwero weiyo system inodzikira ne10-15%, kana kushanda nesimba uye pakati pechikamu kudzvanywa musiyano kunowedzera ne10-15%, iyo RO system inofanirwa kucheneswa. Iyo yekuchenesa frequency yakanangana neiyo dhigirii rekutanga system. Apo SDI15
1.Kangani iyo reverse osmosis system inofanira kucheneswa?
Kazhinji, kana iyo yakajairwa flux inodzikira ne10-15%, kana desalination mwero weiyo system inodzikira ne10-15%, kana kushanda nesimba uye pakati pechikamu kudzvanywa musiyano kunowedzera ne10-15%, iyo RO system inofanirwa kucheneswa. Iyo yekuchenesa frequency yakanangana neiyo dhigirii rekutanga system. Apo SDI15
2.Chii chinonzi SDI?
Nzira yakanakisa yekuongorora kusvibiswa kwecolloid mukupinda kweRO/NF masisitimu parizvino ndeyekuyera sedimentation density index (SDI) yeinopinda, inova yakakosha parameter inofanirwa kutariswa isati yagadzirwa RO. Munguva yekushanda kweRO / NF, kuyerwa nguva dzose kunofanira kutorwa (2-3 nguva pazuva nokuda kwemvura yepamusoro). ASTM D4189-82 inotsanangura chiyero chebvunzo iyi. Mvura inopinza inodiwa ye membrane system ndeyokuti SDI15 kukosha kunofanira kuva ≤ 5. Inoshanda michina yekuderedza SDI pretreatment inosanganisira multimedia filters, ultrafiltration, microfiltration, etc. Kuwedzera dielectric yepolymeric isati yasviba dzimwe nguva inogona kuwedzera kusvibiswa kwemuviri kutaurwa uye kuderedza SDI.
3.Inofanira kudzoreredza osmosis process kana ion exchange process inoshandiswa kune general inflow?
Pasi pemamiriro mazhinji ekupinda, kushandiswa kweiyoni yekuchinjana resin kana reverse osmosis inogoneka nehunyanzvi, uye sarudzo yemaitiro inofanirwa kutariswa nekuenzanisa kwehupfumi. Kazhinji, kukwira kuri kuita munyu, ndiko kuwedzera kwehupfumi reverse osmosis, nepo kuderera kwemunyu, ndiko kuwedzera kwehupfumi hwemaion. Nekuda kwekushandiswa kwakapararira kwereverse osmosis tekinoroji, musanganiswa we reverse osmosis + ion exchange process kana multi-stage reverse osmosis kana reverse osmosis + imwe yakadzika desalination tekinoroji yave tekinoroji inozivikanwa uye ine hupfumi inonzwisisika kugadzirisa mvura mhinduro. Kana iwe uchida kumwe kunzwisisa, ndapota bvunza mumiriri wekambani yeinjiniya yekuchenesa mvura. Makore mangani anogona kudzosera osmosis membrane zvikamu zvinowanzo shandiswa? Hupenyu hwesevhisi hwe membrane hunoenderana nekugadzikana kwayo kwemakemikari, kugadzikana kwemuviri wezvikamu, washability, inlet mvura sosi, pre-kurapwa, kuchenesa frequency, uye mashandiro ekutonga. Maererano nekuongorora kwehupfumi, inowanzopfuura makore mashanu.
Makore mangani anogona kudzosera osmosis membrane zvikamu zvinowanzo shandiswa?
Hupenyu hwesevhisi hwe membrane hunoenderana nekugadzikana kwayo kwemakemikari, kugadzikana kwemuviri wezvikamu, washability, inlet mvura sosi, pre-kurapwa, kuchenesa frequency, uye mashandiro ekutonga. Maererano nekuongorora kwehupfumi, inowanzopfuura makore mashanu.
4.Ndeupi musiyano pakati pe reverse osmosis uye nanofiltration?
Nanofiltration ndeye membrane mvura yekuparadzanisa tekinoroji iri pakati reverse osmosis uye ultrafiltration. Reverse osmosis inogona kubvisa diki solute ine huremu hwemamorekuru isingasviki 0.0001 micrometer, nepo nanofiltration inogona kubvisa solutes nehuremu hwemamorekuru hunosvika 0.001 micrometer. Nanofiltration inonyanya imhando yepasi-pressure reverse osmosis, inoshandiswa mumamiriro ezvinhu apo kuchena kwemvura yakagadziriswa hakusi kunyanya kuoma. Nanofiltration yakakodzera kurapa zvakanaka mvura uye pamusoro pemvura. Nanofiltration inokodzera magadzirirwo emvura ekurapa ayo asingade yakakwira desalination mazinga senge reverse osmosis, asi ane kugona kwepamusoro kubvisa kuomarara zvikamu, dzimwe nguva zvinonzi "kunyorovesa membranes." Nanofiltration masisitimu ane yakaderera kushanda kudzvanywa uye yakaderera mashandisiro esimba pane anoenderana reverse osmosis masisitimu.
5.Ndeipi iyo yekuparadzanisa kugona kwe membrane tekinoroji?
Reverse osmosis parizvino ndiyo yakanyanya kujeka mvura yekusefa tekinoroji. Reverse osmosis membranes inochengeta mamorekuru akadai soluble salt and organic substances ane huremu hwemamorekuru hunodarika 100. Ukuwo, mamorekuru emvura anogona kupfuura nepakati nereverse osmosis membranes, uye chiyero chekubvisa chesalt inonyungudika> 95-99%. Kudzvinyirira kwekushanda kunotangira pa7 bar (100 psi) yemvura ine brackish kusvika ku69 bar (1000 psi) yemvura yegungwa. Nanofiltration inogona kubvisa tsvina muzvikamu pa 1nm (10A) uye organic matter ine molecular uremu kupfuura 200-400. Muyero wekubvisa wezvimedu zvinonyunguduka ndeye 20-98%. Kubviswa kwemunyu une monovalent anions (yakadai seNaCl kana CaCl2) i20-80%, nepo munyu une divalent anions (seMgSO4) ine chiyero chepamusoro chekubvisa che90-98%. Ultrafiltration ine kupatsanurwa mugumisiro pane macromolecules yakakura kudarika 100-1000 angstroms (0.01-0.1 micrometers). Yese munyu inonyungudika uye mamorekuru madiki anogona kupfuura neaultrafiltration membranes, uye zvinhu zvinogona kubviswa zvinosanganisira colloids, mapuroteni, ma microorganisms, uye macromolecular organic matter. Kuchengetwa kwema molecular uremu hwema ultrafiltration membranes akawanda kubva ku1000 kusvika ku100000. Rudzi rwekubviswa kwechidimbu ne microfiltration inenge 0.1-1 micrometers. Kazhinji, zvakaturikwa zvimedu uye hombe chimedu colloids chinogona kutambirwa kuita mamorekuru makuru uye soluble salts.