25 kev daws teeb meem ntawm kev rov qab osmosis membrane technology (Part 1)
Feem ntau, thaum cov txheej txheem flux txo qis los ntawm 10-15%, lossis qhov desalination ntawm lub kaw lus txo qis los ntawm 10-15%, lossis kev khiav hauj lwm siab thiab kev sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv nce los ntawm 10-15%, RO system yuav tsum tau ntxuav. Kev ntxuav zaus yog ncaj qha ntsig txog qhov ntsuas ntawm qhov system pretreatment. Thaum SDI15
1.Qhov rov qab osmosis yuav tsum tau ntxuav ntau npaum li cas?
Feem ntau, thaum cov txheej txheem flux txo qis los ntawm 10-15%, lossis qhov desalination ntawm lub kaw lus txo qis los ntawm 10-15%, lossis kev khiav hauj lwm siab thiab kev sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv nce los ntawm 10-15%, RO system yuav tsum tau ntxuav. Kev ntxuav zaus yog ncaj qha ntsig txog qhov ntsuas ntawm qhov system pretreatment. Thaum SDI15
2. SDI yog dab tsi?
Cov txheej txheem zoo tshaj plaws rau kev soj ntsuam cov pa phem hauv kev nkag mus ntawm RO / NF systems yog tam sim no los ntsuas cov sedimentation density index (SDI) ntawm cov inflow, uas yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum tau txiav txim siab ua ntej RO tsim. Thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm ntawm RO / NF, yuav tsum ntsuas tsis tu ncua (2-3 zaug hauv ib hnub rau cov dej saum npoo av). ASTM D4189-82 qhia tus qauv rau qhov kev xeem no. Lub inlet dej yuav tsum tau rau lub membrane system yog hais tias tus SDI15 tus nqi yuav tsum yog ≤ 5. Cov technologies zoo los txo SDI pretreatment muaj xws li multimedia lim, ultrafiltration, microfiltration, thiab lwm yam. Ntxiv ib tug polymeric dielectric ua ntej filtration tej zaum yuav txhim khu lub aforementioned pom thiab txo tus nqi SDI.
3.Yuav tsum rov qab osmosis txheej txheem lossis ion txauv txheej txheem siv rau cov dej ntws dav dav?
Nyob rau hauv ntau yam inflow, kev siv ion pauv resin los yog rov qab osmosis yog technically ua tau, thiab kev xaiv ntawm cov txheej txheem yuav tsum tau txiav txim los ntawm kev sib piv nyiaj txiag. Feem ntau, qhov siab dua cov ntsiab lus ntsev, qhov kev lag luam rov qab osmosis yog, thaum qis cov ntsiab lus ntsev, qhov kev lag luam ion pauv ntau dua. Vim yog siv cov thev naus laus zis rov qab osmosis, kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm thim rov qab osmosis + ion pauv txheej txheem lossis ntau theem rov qab osmosis lossis thim rov qab osmosis + lwm yam kev sib sib zog nqus desalination thev naus laus zis tau dhau los ua cov thev naus laus zis thiab kev lag luam tsim nyog kho dej. Yog tias koj xav tau kev nkag siab ntxiv, thov nrog ib tus neeg sawv cev ntawm lub tuam txhab kho dej engineering. Yuav siv pes tsawg xyoo rov qab osmosis membrane feem ntau siv? Lub neej kev pab cuam ntawm ib daim nyias nyias yog nyob ntawm nws cov tshuaj stability, lub cev stability ntawm lub Cheebtsam, washability, inlet dej qhov chaw, pre-kho, tu zaus, thiab ua hauj lwm tswj theem. Raws li kev txheeb xyuas nyiaj txiag, feem ntau nws yog ntau tshaj 5 xyoo.
Yuav siv pes tsawg xyoo rov qab osmosis membrane feem ntau siv?
Lub neej kev pab cuam ntawm ib daim nyias nyias yog nyob ntawm nws cov tshuaj stability, lub cev stability ntawm lub Cheebtsam, washability, inlet dej qhov chaw, pre-kho, tu zaus, thiab ua hauj lwm tswj theem. Raws li kev txheeb xyuas nyiaj txiag, feem ntau nws yog ntau tshaj 5 xyoo.
4.Dab tsi yog qhov txawv ntawm rov qab osmosis thiab nanofiltration?
Nanofiltration yog cov kua membrane sib cais tshuab nyob nruab nrab ntawm rov qab osmosis thiab ultrafiltration. Rov qab osmosis tuaj yeem tshem tawm qhov tsawg tshaj plaws nrog qhov hnyav molecular tsawg dua 0.0001 micrometers, thaum nanofiltration tuaj yeem tshem tawm cov kuab tshuaj nrog qhov hnyav molecular ntawm 0.001 micrometers. Nanofiltration yog qhov tseem ceeb yog ib hom kev kub siab rov qab osmosis, siv nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej uas cov purity ntawm cov dej kho tsis nruj tshwj xeeb. Nanofiltration yog tsim los kho cov dej zoo thiab cov dej saum npoo av. Nanofiltration yog tsim rau cov dej kho tshuab uas tsis tas yuav tsum muaj cov desalination siab zoo li thim rov qab osmosis, tab sis muaj peev xwm tshem tawm cov khoom tawv tawv, qee zaum hu ua "softening membranes." Nanofiltration systems muaj kev khiav hauj lwm tsis tshua muaj siab thiab qis zog noj dua li lawv cov kab rov qab osmosis sib raug.
5.Dab tsi yog kev sib cais muaj peev xwm ntawm membrane tshuab?
Rov qab osmosis tam sim no yog cov cuab yeej ua kua pom tseeb tshaj plaws. Rov qab osmosis daim nyias nyias khaws cov inorganic molecules xws li soluble ntsev thiab organic tshuaj uas muaj ib tug molecular hnyav tshaj 100. Ntawm qhov tod tes, dej molecules tau dawb do dhau los ntawm rov qab osmosis daim nyias nyias, thiab cov raug tshem tawm tus nqi ntawm soluble ntsev yog> 95-99%. Kev khiav hauj lwm siab yog li ntawm 7 bar (100 psi) rau dej brackish mus rau 69 bar (1000 psi) rau dej hiav txwv. Nanofiltration tuaj yeem tshem tawm cov impurities hauv cov khoom ntawm 1nm (10A) thiab cov organic teeb meem nrog qhov hnyav molecular ntau dua 200-400. Kev tshem tawm ntawm cov khoom soluble yog 20-98%. Qhov kev tshem tawm ntawm cov ntsev uas muaj monovalent anions (xws li NaCl los yog CaCl2) yog 20-80%, thaum cov ntsev uas muaj divalent anions (xws li MgSO4) muaj ntau dua kev tshem tawm ntawm 90-98%. Ultrafiltration muaj kev sib cais ntawm macromolecules loj dua 100-1000 angstroms (0.01-0.1 micrometers). Tag nrho cov ntsev soluble thiab me me molecules tuaj yeem dhau los ntawm ultrafiltration daim nyias nyias, thiab cov khoom uas tuaj yeem tshem tawm muaj xws li colloids, proteins, microorganisms, thiab macromolecular organic teeb meem. Qhov ceev molecular hnyav ntawm feem ntau ultrafiltration membranes ranges ntawm 1000 mus rau 100000. Qhov ntau ntawm cov khoom tshem tawm los ntawm microfiltration yog hais txog 0.1-1 micrometers. Feem ntau, tshem tawm cov khib nyiab thiab cov khoom loj loj tuaj yeem cuam tshuam los tsim cov molecules loj thiab cov ntsev soluble.