Litharollo tse 25 tse tloaelehileng tsa bothata ba theknoloji ea reverse osmosis membrane (Karolo ea 1)

2024-06-21

Ka kakaretso, ha phallo e tloaelehileng e fokotseha ka 10-15%, kapa sekhahla sa desalination sa sistimi se fokotseha ka 10-15%, kapa khatello ea ts'ebetso le phapang lipakeng tsa khatello e eketseha ka 10-15%, sistimi ea RO e lokela ho hloekisoa. Maqhubu a ho hloekisa a amana ka ho toba le tekanyo ea phekolo ea pele ea tsamaiso. Ha SDI15

1.Sistimi ea reverse osmosis e lokela ho hloekisoa hangata hakae?

2. SDI ke eng?

Mokhoa o motle ka ho fetisisa oa ho hlahloba tšilafalo ea colloid ho kena ha mekhoa ea RO / NF hona joale ke ho lekanya sedimentation density index (SDI) ea ho kena, e leng parameter ea bohlokoa e lokelang ho khethoa pele ho moralo oa RO. Nakong ea ts'ebetso ea RO / NF, litekanyo tse tloaelehileng li lokela ho nkoa (makhetlo a 2-3 ka letsatsi bakeng sa metsi a holim'a metsi). ASTM D4189-82 e hlalosa maemo a tlhahlobo ena. Tlhokahalo ea metsi a kenang bakeng sa tsamaiso ea membrane ke hore boleng ba SDI15 bo tlameha ho ba ≤ 5. Mekhoa e atlehang ea ho fokotsa ts'ebetso ea SDI e kenyelletsa li-filters tsa multimedia, ultrafiltration, microfiltration, joalo-joalo Ho eketsa dielectric ea polymeric pele ho hloekisa ka linako tse ling ho ka ntlafatsa ho hloekisa 'mele ho boletsoeng ka holimo le ho fokotsa boleng ba SDI.

3.Na mokhoa oa ho khutlisa osmosis kapa mokhoa oa phapanyetsano oa ion o ka sebelisoa bakeng sa phallo e akaretsang?

Tlas'a maemo a mangata a phallo, tšebeliso ea ion exchange resin kapa reverse osmosis e ka khoneha ka tekheniki, 'me khetho ea ts'ebetso e lokela ho khethoa ka papiso ea moruo. Ka kakaretso, ha letsoai le ntse le le holimo, ke moo reverse osmosis ea moruo e ntseng e eketseha, athe ha letsoai le le tlase, phapanyetsano ea li-ion e ba le chelete e ngata. Ka lebaka la ts'ebeliso e atileng ea theknoloji ea reverse osmosis, motsoako oa reverse osmosis+ion process kapa multi-stage reverse osmosis kapa reverse osmosis+mahlale a mang a tebileng a desalination e se e le theknoloji e tsebahalang le tharollo ea metsi e loketseng moruo. Haeba o hloka kutloisiso e eketsehileng, ka kopo ikopanye le moemeli oa k'hamphani ea boenjiniere ea ho hloekisa metsi. Ke lilemo tse kae tse ka sebelisoang ho khutlisetsa likarolo tsa membrane ea osmosis ka kakaretso? Bophelo ba tšebeletso ea membrane bo itšetlehile ka botsitso ba lik'hemik'hale, botsitso ba 'mele ba likaroloana, ho hlatsoa, mohloli oa metsi a kenang, pele ho phekolo, ho hloekisa khafetsa le boemo ba tsamaiso ea ts'ebetso. Ho latela tlhahlobo ea moruo, hangata e feta lilemo tse 5.

Ke lilemo tse kae tse ka sebelisoang ho khutlisetsa likarolo tsa membrane ea osmosis ka kakaretso?

Bophelo ba tšebeletso ea membrane bo itšetlehile ka botsitso ba lik'hemik'hale, botsitso ba 'mele ba likaroloana, ho hlatsoa, mohloli oa metsi a kenang, pele ho phekolo, ho hloekisa khafetsa le boemo ba tsamaiso ea ts'ebetso. Ho latela tlhahlobo ea moruo, hangata e feta lilemo tse 5.

4.Ke phapang efe pakeng tsa reverse osmosis le nanofiltration?

Nanofiltration ke theknoloji ea karohano ea metsi a membrane e fumanehang lipakeng tsa reverse osmosis le ultrafiltration. Reverse osmosis e ka tlosa solute e nyane ka boima ba molek'hule e ka tlase ho li-micrometer tse 0,0001, athe nanofiltration e ka tlosa solutes ka boima ba molek'hule bo ka bang 0.001 micrometer. Nanofiltration ha e le hantle ke mofuta oa osmosis ea khatello e tlase, e sebelisoang maemong ao ho hloeka ha metsi a hloekisitsoeng ho seng thata haholo. Nanofiltration e loketse ho phekola metsi a seliba le metsi a holim'a metsi. Nanofiltration e loketse mekhoa ea phekolo ea metsi e sa hlokeng litekanyetso tse phahameng tsa desalination joaloka reverse osmosis, empa e na le bokhoni bo phahameng ba ho tlosa likarolo tse thata, tseo ka linako tse ling li bitsoang "membrane e nolofatsang." Sistimi ea Nanofiltration e na le khatello e tlase ea ts'ebetso le ts'ebeliso e tlase ea matla ho feta litsamaiso tsa tsona tsa reverse osmosis.

5.Bokhoni ba karohano ea theknoloji ea lera ke eng?

Reverse osmosis hajoale ke theknoloji e nepahetseng ka ho fetesisa ea ho sefa metsi. Reverse osmosis membranes boloka limolek'hule tsa inorganic tse kang matsoai a qhibilihang le lintho tse phelang tse nang le boima ba limolek'hule bo fetang 100. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, limolek'hule tsa metsi li ka feta ka bolokolohi li-membrane tsa reverse osmosis, 'me sekhahla se tloaelehileng sa ho tlosoa ha letsoai le qhibilihang ke> 95-99%. Khatello ea ts'ebetso e tloha ho 7 bar (100 psi) bakeng sa metsi a letsoai ho ea ho 69 bar (1000 psi) bakeng sa metsi a leoatle. Nanofiltration e ka tlosa litšila ka likaroloana tsa 1nm (10A) le lintho tse phelang tse nang le boima ba molek'hule bo fetang 200-400. Sekhahla sa ho tlosoa ha lintho tse tiileng tse qhibilihang ke 20-98%. Sekhahla sa ho tlosoa ha letsoai le nang le li-anion tsa monovalent (joaloka NaCl kapa CaCl2) ke 20-80%, ha letsoai le nang le divalent anion (joaloka MgSO4) le na le tekanyo e phahameng ea ho tlosoa ho 90-98%. Ultrafiltration e na le phello ea karohano ho li-macromolecule tse kholo ho feta 100-1000 angstroms (0.01-0.1 micrometers). Matsoai 'ohle a qhibilihang le limolek'hule tse nyane li ka feta ka har'a li-membrane tsa ultrafiltration,' me lintho tse ka tlosoang li kenyelletsa li-colloids, liprotheine, likokoana-hloko le macromolecular organic matter. Boima ba limolek'hule tsa ho boloka li-membrane tse ngata tsa ultrafiltration li tloha ho 1000 ho ea ho 100000. Mofuta oa ho tlosoa ha likaroloana ka microfiltration ke hoo e ka bang 0.1-1 micrometers. Ka kakaretso, li-solids tse emisitsoeng le li-colloid tse kholo li ka thijoa ho etsa limolek'hule tse kholo le matsoai a qhibilihang.