Aratohu mō te Membrane RO Arumoni: Ngā Mātāpono, te Kōwhiringa me ngā Tauira
1. He aha te kiriuhi RO?
Te Osmosis Whakamuri (RO)He tukanga e whakahuri ana i te osmosis tūturu. I roto i te taiao, ka neke aunoa ngā ngota wai mai i te taha iti te kukū ki te taha nui te kukū mā roto i te kiriuhi haurua-whakauru. I roto i te osmosis whakamuri, ka whakamahia te pēhanga o waho hei akiaki i ngā ngota wai kia rere i te taha ke - mai i te taha nui te kukū ki te taha iti te kukū. Ka whakakahoretia ngā tote rewa, ngā huakita, ngā huaketo, me ngā mea rauropi e te kiriuhi ka tukuna hei kukū.
He tino iti te rahi o ngā pūwero o te kiriuhi RO — tata ki0.1 nanometa(kotahi miriona o te makawe tangata) — ka taea te tangoneke atu i te 99%o ngā totoka rewa me te nuinga o ngā poke. Ko tētahi o ngā hangarau tātari wai tino matatau e wātea ana.
2. Me pēhea te whiriwhiri i tētahi kiriuhi RO arumoni?
Te kaupapa matua: "Te taurite o te tono ki ngā whakaritenga"—ehara te kiriuhi pai rawa atu i te mea tino utu nui, i te mea tino pai rānei te mahi, engari ko te mea e tino ōrite ana ki ō tikanga mahi.
2.1 I runga i te Kounga o te Wai Whāngai
| Pūtake Wai | Raupapa e Manakohia ana | Ngā Tuhipoka |
| Wai tāpui / TDS | Kiriuhi pēhanga tino iti | He iti te pūngao, he nui te rere o te wai |
| Wai mākū / TDS 1000-10000 ppm | Raupapa wai māori (BW) | ≥99.5% te whakakorenga tote |
| Wai moana / TDS > 15000 ppm | Raupapa wai moana (SW) | Te pēhanga teitei, ≥99.6% te whakakorenga |
| Para wai para nui te paru | Raupapa ārai-para (FR) | Mokowā whāngai whānui, ka taea te horoi |
2.2 I runga i te tono
- Wai tino parakore hikohiko/rongoāTe nui o te whakakorenga (≥99.5%) + te nui o te tango boron
- Kai me te inuMomo penapena pūngao iti-pēhanga + tiwhikete akuaku
- Te whakamahinga anō o ngā wai para matū/kahuMomo ārai-para + awa whānui (34 mil)
- Wai inu arumoni / kura / wheketereNgā tauira arumoni paerewa (hei tauira, 3012, 4040)
2.3 Ngā Tawhā Mahi Matua hei Tirotiro
- Te auau whakakorenga: ≥99% mō te whakamahinga ahumahi, ≥99.6% mō te wai moana
- Rere uru: 0.8-1.2 m³/h mō ia huānga 8-inihi
- Pēhanga whakahaere: 69-1.0 MPa mō ngā kiriuhi pēhanga iti, 5.5-8.4 MPa mō ngā kiriuhi wai moana
3. Āhea te Whakakapi?
Whakakapia ngā wāhanga o te kiriuhi ina puta mai ngā tohu e whai ake nei:
- Te hekenga o te rerengaKa heke te rere o te wai i whakatikatikaina i te pāmahana ki raro iho i te 70-80% o te uara tīmatanga
- Te ngaronga o te whakakorengaKa tino piki ake te kawe hiko e uru ana; ka heke te whakakorenga ki raro i te 95%
- Te pikinga o te hekenga pēhangaKa piki ake te pēhanga rerekētanga neke atu i te 15% i runga ake i te uara tīmatanga
- Te auau horoi nui rawaKa poto ake te wā horoi matū ki raro iho i te 1 marama
Te roanga o te ora: Ko ngā kiriuhi RO arumoni ka roa te ora2-5 tau, i runga i te kounga o te wai whāngai me ngā mahi tiaki.
4. Ngā Tauira Kiriuhi RO Arumoni Paerewa
Kei raro nei ngā tauira kiriuhi RO arumoni matua e wātea whānuitia ana i te mākete. Whakamahia ēnei hei tohutoro i te wā e whiriwhiri ana.
4.1 Ngā Kiriuhi Tauhokohoko 4-Inihi (Mō te permeat
| Waitohu / Raupapa | Tauira | Rere (GPD) | Te whakakorenga |
| Paerewa whānui | 4040 | 2000-2800 | 99.0% |
| Haitana | BW-4040-LP | 2400 | 99.5% |
| HUNA | TFC-3012-200 | 200 | 97% |
4.2 Ngā Kiriuhi Ahumahi 8-Inihi (Mō te permeat >3 m³/h)
| Raupapa | Tauira Tauira | Rere (GPD) | Te whakakorenga | Tono |
| Wai parai | BW30-400 | 10500 | 99.5% | Wai whenua / ā-rohe |
| Pēhanga tino iti | XLP-4040 | 4700 | 99.6% | He iti te hiahia mō te pūngao |
| Ārai-paru | FR-400 | 10500 | 99.7% | Te whakamahinga anō o te wai para |
| Wai moana | SW30HRLE-440 | 7500 | 99.8% | Te tango tote i te wai moana |
| Te pēhanga teitei whānui | 8040 | 10000-12000 | 99.0% | Ngā pūnaha arumoni nui |
5. Ngā Taupānga i te Tirohanga Poto
| Ahumahi | Ngā Tauira i Manakohia | Ngā Whakaritenga Matua |
| Kura / wai inu wheketere | 4040, 3012 | Te haumaru o te akuaku, te ngawari o te tiaki |
| Te horoi wai i te hōtēra / wharekai | 4040, 8040 | Rere rere pumau |
| Wai tino parakore hikohiko | BW30-400 | Teitei o te whakakorenga (≥99.5%) |
| Wai parakore o te hōhipera | BW-4040AF | Ātete ki te horoi patu huakita |
| Te whakamahi anō i te wai para hiko/matū | BW-4040AF | He whānui te awa, he ngāwari ki te horoi |
| Te tango tote i te wai moana | Raupapa SW | Te pēhanga teitei, te whakakorenga teitei |
Whakarāpopototanga
He tukanga pūnaha te whiriwhiri i tētahi kiriuhi RO arumoni e hiahia ana kia taurite ngā taha e whā: te tātari kounga wai, ngā āhuatanga whakahaere, ngā whakaritenga kounga uruhanga, me te tahua utu. E taunakihia ana kia whakaotihia he tātaritanga wai whāngai katoa i mua i te whiriwhiringa, kātahi ka whakataurite i ngā huānga kiriuhi mā te whakamahi i ngā aratohu tauira i runga ake nei. Hei tāpiri, he mea nui te whiriwhiri i tētahi kaiwhakarato hangarau matatau — tētahi e tuku ana i te tautoko ratonga katoa tae atu ki te whakamātautau wai, te hoahoa pūnaha, me te aratohu whakahaere — mō te mahi pūnaha pumau, roa.