Uyini umehluko we-ro membrane phakathi kokutholwa kokuhlola okujwayelekile, ukutakula kwangempela, kanye nokutholwa kwesistimu?

1. Ukutholwa Kokuhlola Okujwayelekile

Ukutholwa okujwayelekile kwezingxenye zolwelwesi izinga lokutakula elamukelwa abakhiqizi bengxenye ye-membrane ngaphansi kwezimo zokuhlola ezijwayelekile. Izinga elijwayelekile lokutholwa kwezingxenye zolwelwesi lwamanzi anebraki liyi-15%, kanti ezingxenyeni zolwelwesi lwamanzi olwandle liyi-10%.

2. Ukubuyisela Kwangempela

Izinga langempela lokutakula lezingxenye ze-membrane libhekisela esilinganisweni sokutholwa kwezingxenye ze-membrane ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa kwangempela. Ukuze kuncishiswe izinga lokungcoliswa kwezakhi zolwelwesi futhi kuqinisekiswe ukuphila kwazo kwesevisi, abakhiqizi bezinto ze-membrane benze imithetho ecacile mayelana nenani langempela lokutakula lezakhi zolwelwesi olulodwa, ezidinga ukuthi izinga langempela lokutakula le-elementi ngayinye eyimitha elingu-1 akufanele lidlule u-18%. Kodwa-ke, lapho i-elementi ye-membrane isetshenziselwa ukwelapha amanzi ohlelweni lwe-osmosis yesigaba sesibili, izinga langempela lokutakula alinqunyelwe yilokhu futhi livunyelwe ukuba lidlule i-18%.

3. Ukubuyiselwa Kwesistimu

Izinga lokubuyisela uhlelo libhekisela esilinganisweni esiphelele sokutholwa kwedivayisi ye-osmosis ehlane ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa kwangempela. Izinga lokutholwa kwesistimu lithonywa izici ezihlukahlukene njengekhwalithi yamanzi okuphakelayo, inombolo nokuhlelwa kwezinto zolwelwesi, njll. Amadivayisi amancane e-osmosis ahlehlayo ngokuvamile anezilinganiso eziphansi zokutholwa kwesistimu ngenxa yenani elincane lama-elementi olwelwesi nokugeleza kwamanzi okuphakelayo okufushane, kuyilapho amadivayisi e-osmosis ahlehlayo embonini ngokuvamile anezinga lokutakula lesistimu elingaphezu kuka-75%, ngezinye izikhathi ngisho elingafika ku-90% wenombolo ende yokuphakela kwamanzi ngenxa yokugeleza kwama-elementi amanzi.

Kwezinye izimo, izinga eliphezulu lokutholwa kwesistimu nalo liyadingeka kumadivayisi amancane e-osmosis ahlehlayo ukuze agweme ukumosha imithombo yamanzi. Kulokhu, kufanele kuthathwe izinyathelo ezihlukene lapho kwakhiwa imishini ye-osmosis ehlehlayo. Indlela ejwayeleke kakhulu ukusebenzisa amanzi agxilile ajikelezayo ngokwengxenye, okungukuthi, ingxenye kuphela yamanzi agxilile asuka emshinini we-osmosis ehlane uyakhishwa, futhi ingxenye esele isakazwa endaweni yokungena yephampu yokuphakelayo. Ngalesi sikhathi, ingaqinisekisa ukuthi ingaphezulu le-elementi ye-membrane igcina izinga elithile lokugeleza kwe-lateral futhi ifinyelele izinga lokubuyisela uhlelo oludingwa umsebenzisi. Kodwa-ke, akunconywa ukulungisa ngokuqondile ama-valve okungena kanye nokuphuma kwamanzi okuphakelayo/agxilile ukuze kuthuthukiswe izinga lokutholwa kwesistimu. Uma lokhu kusebenza kwenziwa, kuzosheshisa izinga lokungcola kwe-membrane element, okuholela emiphumeleni emibi kakhulu.

Uma izinga lokutholwa kwesistimu liphakeme, amanzi asetshenziswa kancane, kodwa uma izinga lokubuyisela liphezulu kakhulu, izinkinga ezilandelayo zingase zenzeke:

① Izinga lokukhishwa kukasawoti emanzini omkhiqizo liyehla.

② Izulu elingaba khona likasawoti oncibilika kancane.

③ Umfutho we-osmotic wamanzi agxilile uphezulu kakhulu, okuholela ekunciphiseni kokukhiqizwa kwamanzi kwezingxenye.

Ngokuvamile, izinga lokubuyiselwa kwezinhlelo zokukhipha usawoti emanzini anosawoti lilawulwa ku-75%, okusho ukuthi amanzi ahlanganisiwe agxilile ngokuphindwe kane. Uma usawoti wamanzi aluhlaza uphansi, ngezinye izikhathi u-80% ungasetshenziswa. Uma okuqukethwe kukasawoti othile oncibilika kancane emanzini kuphezulu, ngezinye izikhathi izinga eliphansi lokutholwa kwesistimu nalo liyasetshenziswa ukuvimbela ukukala.