25 mayankho wamba a reverse osmosis membrane technology vuto (Gawo 4)

19. Kodi pH imakhudza bwanji kuchuluka kwa kuchotsa, kupanga madzi, ndi moyo wa membrane?

Mtundu wa pH womwe umagwirizana ndi zinthu za reverse osmosis membrane nthawi zambiri umakhala 2-11, ndipo pH ilibe mphamvu pakuchita kwa nembanemba komwe, chomwe ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zofunikira zosiyana ndi zinthu zina za nembanemba. Komabe, mawonekedwe a ayoni ambiri m'madzi amakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi pH. Mwachitsanzo, pamene ma asidi ofooka monga citric acid ali mu chikhalidwe chosakhala cha ionic pansi pa pH yotsika, amasiyana ndikukhala ionic pa pH yapamwamba. Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwakukulu kwa ion yomweyi, kuchotsedwa kwa nembanemba kumakhala kwakukulu. Ngati mulingo wamalipiro ndi wotsika kapena ayi, kuchotsera kwa nembanemba kumakhala kochepa. Chifukwa chake, pH imakhudza kwambiri kuchuluka kwa zonyansa zina.

20. Kodi pali ubale wotani pakati pa TDS wa madzi omwe akubwera ndi ma conductivity?

Mukapeza mtengo wa inlet conductivity, uyenera kusinthidwa kukhala mtengo wa TDS kuti uzitha kulowetsedwa panthawi yopanga mapulogalamu. Kwa magwero ambiri amadzi, chiŵerengero cha conductivity kwa TDS chiri pakati pa 1.2 ndi 1.7. Kwa mapangidwe a ROSA, chiŵerengero cha 1.4 chimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'madzi a m'nyanja ndipo chiŵerengero cha 1.3 chimagwiritsidwa ntchito potembenuza madzi a brackish, omwe nthawi zambiri amapereka chiŵerengero chabwino cha kutembenuka.

21.Kodi mungadziwe bwanji ngati nembanemba yaipitsidwa?

Zotsatirazi ndi zizindikiro zofala za kuipitsa:

1. Pansi pa kupanikizika koyenera, kupanga madzi kumachepa
2. Kuti mukwaniritse kupanga kwamadzi kwanthawi zonse, ndikofunikira kuwonjezera kuthamanga kwa ntchito v
3. Kutsika kwamphamvu pakati pa madzi olowera ndi okhazikika kumawonjezeka ndi v
4. Kulemera kwa zigawo za membrane kumawonjezeka ndi v
5. Kusintha kwakukulu pakuchotsa kwa membrane (kuwonjezeka kapena kuchepa)
6. Chigawocho chikachotsedwa ku chotengera chopondereza, tsitsani madzi kumbali yolowera ya gawo lolunjika la membrane. Madzi sangathe kudutsa muchigawo cha nembanemba ndipo amangosefukira kuchokera kumapeto kwa nkhope (zimasonyeza kutsekedwa kwathunthu kwa njira yolowera).

22. Kodi mungapewe bwanji kukula kwa tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono ta nembanemba?

Njira yodzitetezera ikakhala mitambo, mwina chifukwa cha kukula kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Zigawo za membrane zotetezedwa ndi sodium bisulfite ziyenera kuyang'aniridwa miyezi itatu iliyonse. Pamene njira yotetezera imakhala yamtambo, zigawozo ziyenera kuchotsedwa mu thumba losindikizidwa losungiramo ndikulowetsedwa mu njira yatsopano yotetezera ndi ndende ya 1% (ndi kulemera kwake) kalasi ya sodium bisulfite (yosatsegulidwa ndi cobalt), yonyowa kwa ola limodzi, ndikusindikizidwanso. The zigawo zikuluzikulu ayenera chatsanulidwa pamaso pa repacking.

23. Kodi zolowera m'madzi ndizofunikira zotani pazigawo za RO membrane?

Mwachidziwitso, kulowa mu machitidwe a RO ndi IX sikuyenera kukhala ndi zonyansa izi:

1. Zinayimitsidwa zolimba, colloids, calcium sulfate, algae, mabakiteriya, okosijeni, monga otsalira klorini, etc.
2. Mafuta kapena lipid zinthu (ziyenera kukhala pansi pa malire otsika a chida)
3. Chromium complexes of organic matter ndi iron organic matter
4. Ma oxides achitsulo monga zinthu zowonongeka zachitsulo, mkuwa, ndi aluminiyamu

23. Ndi zonyansa ziti zomwe ma membrane a RO angachotse?

Nembanemba ya RO imatha kuchotsa bwino ma ion ndi zinthu zachilengedwe. Reverse osmosis nembanemba imakhala yochotsa kwambiri kuposa nembanemba ya nanofiltration. Reverse osmosis nthawi zambiri imatha kuchotsa 99% ya mchere m'madzi a chakudya, ndipo kuchuluka kwa zinthu zamoyo m'madzi odyetsa ndi ≥ 99%.

24. Kodi mumadziwa bwanji njira yoyeretsera yomwe mungagwiritse ntchito pa membrane yanu?

Kuti mukwaniritse zotsatira zabwino kwambiri zoyeretsa, ndikofunikira kusankha zoyeretsera zomwe zimatsata komanso njira zoyeretsera. Kuyeretsa kolakwika kumatha kusokoneza magwiridwe antchito. Nthawi zambiri, pazachilengedwe zowononga makulitsidwe, tikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito njira zoyeretsera acidic, zowononga tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kapena organic, ndi njira zoyeretsera zamchere.

Chifukwa chiyani pH mtengo wa RO opangidwa ndi madzi otsika kuposa pH mtengo wamadzi okhudzidwa?

Pamene malire a CO2, HCO3-, ndi CO3= amveka, yankho labwino kwambiri la funsoli lingapezeke. Mu dongosolo lotsekedwa, zomwe zili mu CO2, HCO3-, ndi CO3= zimasiyana ndi pH mtengo. Pansi pa pH yotsika, CO2 ndiyomwe imakhala yochuluka, ndipo HCO3- imakhala yochuluka mu pH yapakatikati ndi CO3=yomwe imakhala yochuluka kwambiri mu pH. Chifukwa cha kuthekera kwa nembanemba ya RO kuchotsa ma ion osungunuka koma osati mpweya wosungunuka, CO2 zomwe zili m'madzi opangira RO ndizofanana ndi zomwe zili mu RO. Komabe, HCO3- ndi CO3=nthawi zambiri imatha kuchepetsedwa ndi 1-2 maulalo a ukulu, omwe amatha kusokoneza mgwirizano pakati pa CO2, HCO3-, ndi CO3=mwamphamvu. Muzotsatira zingapo, CO2 iphatikizana ndi H2O kuti igwirizane ndi kusintha kotsatiraku mpaka kukhazikitsidwa kwatsopano.

Ngati mphamvuyo ili ndi CO2, pH mtengo wamadzi opangidwa ndi RO umatsika nthawi zonse. Pazinthu zambiri za RO, mtengo wa pH wa madzi osinthika osmosis opangidwa udzatsika nthawi 1-2. Pamene mphamvu ya alkalinity ndi HCO3- ili pamwamba, pH mtengo wa madzi opangidwa udzachepa kwambiri.

Madzi ochepa kwambiri omwe amalowa, omwe ali ndi CO2, HCO3- kapena CO3 = yochepa, amachititsa kuti pakhale kusiyana kochepa kwa pH ya madzi opangidwa. M'mayiko ndi zigawo zina, pali malamulo a pH ya madzi akumwa, nthawi zambiri kuyambira 6.5 mpaka 9.0. Malinga ndi kumvetsetsa kwathu, izi ndi kupewa dzimbiri paipi yoperekera madzi. Kumwa madzi otsika pH sikungabweretse mavuto aliwonse azaumoyo. Monga zimadziwika bwino, zakumwa zambiri za carbonated zomwe zimapezeka pamalonda zimakhala ndi pH pakati pa 2 ndi 4.