Ingabe ulwelwesi oluhlehla lwe-osmosis lungagaywa kabusha ngemva kokushintshwa?

Ngokuvamile, ulwelwesi lwe-osmosis oluhlehlayo lungahlanzwa.

I-Caustic soda ne-hydrochloric acid zivame ukusetshenziswa embonini, futhi idivayisi ekhethekile yokuhlanza ungaxhunyiwe ku-inthanethi isetshenziswa ezingeni lokushisa elithile. Inqubo ihilela ukugeza nge-caustic soda kuqala, bese kuba nge-caustic soda, bese ucwilisa isikhathi eside. Ubunkimbinkimbi benqubo bungaphezu kobuchwepheshe babantu abajwayelekile.

Ngakho-ke akunconywa ukuhlanza i-membrane ye-osmosis yasendlini, njengoba inzima kakhulu futhi akulula ukuyihlanza.

Indlela yokuhlanza

1. Isihlanzi se-enzyme sisetshenziselwa ukwelapha ulwelwesi, olusebenza kahle kakhulu ekungcoleni kwemvelo, ikakhulukazi amaprotheni, uwoyela nokunye ukungcola kwemvelo. Umphumela wokuhlanza ungcono ku-50-60 ℃. Ngokuvamile, ngemva kokusebenza izinsuku ezingu-10 noma isigamu senyanga, isihlanzi se-enzyme esingu-1% sisetshenziselwa ukuhlanza ulwelwesi ngaphansi kwengcindezi ephansi. Ngenxa yokugcwala okuphansi kwesicoci se-enzyme esisetshenzisiwe, isikhathi sokucwiliswa eside siyadingeka.
2. Isixazululo se-citric acid sisetshenziselwa ukuhlanza ngokuqhubekayo noma ngomjikelezo ulwelwesi ngesisombululo samanzi se-citric acid engu-1% -2% ngaphansi kwengcindezi ephezulu noma ephansi, enomthelela omuhle wokuhlanza ekungcoleni kwe-Fe (OH) 3.
3. Isixazululo se-saline esigxilile sisebenza kahle ekuhlanzeni ulwelwesi olunokungcola okunamandla kwemilenze. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi isixazululo se-saline esigxilile kakhulu singenza buthaka ukusebenzisana phakathi kwama-colloid futhi sikhuthaze ukwakheka kwama-colloidal aggregates.
4. Isixazululo se-hydrogen peroxide, isibonelo, ukuhlambulula u-0.5L ka-30% H2O2 ngo-12L wamanzi angcolile bese uhlanza ulwelwesi lwangaphandle, kusebenza kahle kakhulu ekulweni nokungcoliswa kwemvelo.
5. I-emulsion encibilikayo yamanzi iphumelela kakhulu ekuhlanzeni ulwelwesi olungcoliswe ngamafutha ne-iron oxide, ngokuvamile ukuhlanza imizuzu engu-30-60.
6. Indlela elula yokuhlanza ngokomzimba iwukusebenzisa umfutho ophansi kanye nokugeleza okuphezulu okusheshayo kwe-membrane permeation amanzi agelezayo imizuzu engama-30, okungabuyisela ukungeneka kolwelwesi ngokwezinga elithile. Kodwa-ke, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, i-permeability isancipha. Kungenjalo, ingxube yamanzi nomoya ingasetshenziswa ukuhambisa ulwelwesi olungaphezulu ngaphansi kwengcindezi ephansi imizuzu eyi-15. Le ndlela iyasebenza ekuhlanzeni ulwelwesi oluqale lungcoliswe izinto eziphilayo.

Ingabe likhona izinga elithile lokushintsha ulwelwesi lwe-osmosis oluhlehlayo?

Ngokuvamile, ngemva kwesikhathi sokusetshenziswa, ukukhiqizwa kwamanzi kwe-membrane kuzokwehla, ingcindezi yokukhiqiza amanzi izokwanda, futhi ukuqhutshwa kwe-membrane kuzothinteka. Uma lezi zinkinga zenzeka, ulwelwesi lwakho lungahlanzwa noma lushintshwe.

Uma ukucindezela nokukhiqizwa kwamanzi kwe-reverse osmosis membrane ngemva kokuhlanza kuhlangabezana nezidingo, kwanele, kodwa ukuqhutshwa ngokuvamile akunciphi ngaphandle uma ulwelwesi lungcoliswe kakhulu yizinto eziphilayo, ngoba ubukhulu bembobo buyanda ngokugeza, futhi kungakhathaliseki ukuthi hlobo luni lwesixazululo esisetshenziswayo, ukukhiqizwa kwamanzi nokucindezela ngemva kokuhlanza akukwazi ukufana nolwelwesi olusha.

Hlanza i-membrane entsha

1. Ngemva kokufaka izingxenye ze-membrane, isistimu entsha idinga ukugezwa kahle ukuze isuse kahle noma yikuphi ukungcola okusele, izincibilikisi, noketshezi oluvikelayo ohlelweni.
2. Uma usebenzisa amanzi akhiqiziwe ukuphuza, udinga ukugezwa okungenani amahora angama-24.
3. Ngaphambi kokuqala uhlelo, i-valve yamanzi egxilile kufanele igcinwe ivuliwe ngokugcwele. Ngemva kokuba uhlelo luqalisiwe, i-valve yamanzi egxilile ingavalwa kancane kancane futhi kancane kancane ukuze kuzuzwe izinga lokubuyisela elimisiwe. Kuvinjelwe ngokuqinile ukuqala imishini lapho i-valve yamanzi egxilile ivaliwe.
4. Ngesikhathi sokusebenza kohlelo, amavalvu epayipini lokukhiqiza amanzi akumele avalwe noma nini (okuhlanganisa ukuqala, ukusebenza okujwayelekile, ukushaywa kwamanzi, nokuhlanzwa kwamakhemikhali ohlelo).
5. Ngaphambi kokusebenza kokucindezela okukhulu, yenza ukucindezela okuphansi ngokusebenzisa indlela ethambile yokuqala noma ukulawulwa kwesivinini esishintshashintshayo sokuvala umoya ukuze ukhiphe umoya.