Me pēhea te rahi i tētahi pūnaha RO ahumahi

1. Whakatūria ngā Whakaritenga Whakaputa Whakauru

Ko te taahiraa tuatahi ko te ine i te nui o te wai e hiahiatia ana e tō whare.

• Te Hiahia o ia Rā, me te Hiahia ā-Tau: Aroturukihia ngā wātaka whakaputa ia hāora hei whakatū i ngā kōtaha whakapaunga o ia rā, o ia wiki hoki, me te whai whakaaro ki ngā panonitanga o te tono ā-wā. Whakanuia te kaha nui hei whakatutuki i ngā whakaritenga o te wā tino tiketike.
• Tahua Whakatipu: Mō ngā hanganga hou, tāpirihia he tahua tipu 10-15% hei ārai i ngā matapae kāore i tutuki, i ngā wāhanga whakawhānui rānei kua whakaritea.
• Tauira Whakamahinga: Whakatauhia mēnā e hiahiatia ana te maimoatanga tonu, te maimoatanga puranga rānei. Mā te whakaputa tonu ka taea te hanga i tētahi hoahoa pūnaha iti ake, pumau, engari mā te tukatuka puranga ka nui ake te kaha o te ngaru.

2. Tātaihia te Pūnaha Pūnaha

Kia mōhiotia te nui o te hiahia mō ia rā, ka taea e koe te tatau i te rahi e hiahiatia ana o te pūnaha mā te whakamahi i ngā tātai e whai ake nei:

• Hipanga A: Tātaihia te LPH Tūāpapa (Putanga Hua) LPH Tūāpapa = (Te Hiahia o ia Rā (L/rā) ÷ Ngā Hāora Whakahaere (h/rā)) × Tauwehe Pīki/Kanorau × Tauwehe Haumaru
• Tauwehenga Piki/Kanorau: Koinei te take o ngā whakamahinga poto, ngā whakamahinga taupatupatu rānei (1.2–1.5 te nuinga).
• Tauwehenga Haumaru: He ārai mō te whānui haere, te koroheketanga rānei o te kiriuhi ā muri ake nei (te tikanga 1.1–1.25).
• Hipanga B: Whakatikatika mō te Whakaora Whāngai LPH = LPH Tūāpapa × Tauwehe Whakaora
• Tauwehe Whakaora: I tatauhia hei 1 ÷ Whakaora (hei ira-ira). Hei tauira, ko te tere whakaora 70% ka hua ake he Tauwehe Whakaora o te 1.43 (1 ÷ 0.70).
• Tuhipoka: Ka tīpakohia ngā tipu RO i runga i te Hua LPH, ko te rahi ia o ngā papu whāngai me ngā pūnaha maimoatanga i mua me ōrite ki te Whāngai LPH.

3. Whakaarohia ngā Āhuatanga me te Pāmahana o te Wai Whāngai

He nui te pānga o ngā āhuatanga o te wai whāngai mata ki te kōwhiringa o te kiriuhi me te whirihoranga o te pūnaha.

• Kounga Wai: Ka whakaitihia ngā pēhanga taraiwa me ngā ōwehenga whakaora uruhanga e ngā taumata teitei ake o ngā Totoka Whakarewa Katoa (TDS), ka hiahiatia he wāhanga me ngā rahinga kiriuhi nui ake. Ko ngā whakaoranga noa kei waenga i te 50-85% o te rere whāngai.
• Te pāmahana: Ko ngā pūnaha RO he mea hanga kia pai te whakahaere i te 77°F (25°C). Mō ia nekehanga i raro iho i tēnei, ka ngaro te pūnaha i te 1.5% o tōna kaha whakaputa. Hei utu mō te wai makariri, ka taea e koe te whakamahana i mua i te wai whāngai, te whakamahi i ngā kiriuhi iti-pūngao (wai matao), te whakanui ake rānei i te pūnaha.
• Te maimoatanga o mua: He mea nui te maimoatanga tika i mua (pēnei i te tātari pāpāho maha, te waro whakahohe, te whakangawari rānei) hei tiaki i ngā kiriuhi RO mai i te tauine, te poke, te ua rānei.

4. Te Hoahoa Huānga Kiriuhi me te Rarangi

Kia tautuhia te tere rere me te kounga o te wai, ka taea e ngā kaihanga tukanga te tīpako me te rahi o ngā wāhanga membrane.

• Kōwhiringa Kiriuhi: Kōwhiria mai i ngā momo ahumahi noa pēnei i te cellulose triacetate (CTA), te cellulose acetate (CA), te polyamide (PA) rānei, i runga i te rahi o ō rātou pūwero me ngā tere whakakorenga.
• Ngā Tātaitanga Rerenga me te Horahanga: Ka tatauhia te horahanga kiriuhi e hiahiatia ana mā te wehewehe i te rere ūnga ki te rerenga hoahoa. Kātahi ka whakatauhia te maha o ngā huānga mā te wehewehe i te horahanga e hiahiatia ana ki te horahanga kiriuhi hohe mō ia huānga.
• Whirihoranga Pūnaha: Kua whakaritea ngā huānga takitahi ki ngā rarangi maha-wāhanga kua whakaritea kia tutuki ai ngā parakore me ngā tere rere e hiahiatia ana, me ngā taputapu whakaora pūngao me ngā papu kua whakaritea kia rite ki tēnā.

5. Whakamahia te Pūmanawa Hoahoa me te Hangarau Ngaio

Ahakoa ka taea e ngā tauira ripanga tātaitai me ngā tātaitai ipurangi kore utu te āwhina i ngā tātaitanga poto me ngā whakatau tata tere, he tīmatanga noa iho ēnei. Me manatoko te tatau whakamutunga o ngā oko, te whakatau i te taumata, te hekenga o te pēhanga, me ngā wehewehenga whakaora mā te whakamahi i ngā pūmanawa hoahoa kaihoko motuhake me ngā raraunga motuhake ki te wāhi. Me whai kaihangarau tukanga mātau ki te whakauru i ngā reiti ūnga ki ngā hoahoa kua whakaritea, me te whakataurite i ngā taupatupatu i roto i ngā utu whakapaipai/whakahaere, te whai huatanga o te whakaora, me te whakakorenga ngāwari.

Me āwhina koe ki tētahi tātaitanga motuhake? Tuhia mai tō hiahia wai o ia rā, ngā hāora whakahaere, me te TDS o te wai whāngai, ā, mā te HID e tātai te rahi o te pūnaha māu.