Ngā Take me ngā Whakaotinga mō te Parahanga o te Membrane Osmosis Whakamuri

1. Ngā Take Matua o te Parahanga o te Membrane RO

I runga i ngā poke, e whā ngā momo o te poke o te kiriuhi RO:

• Te Whakapūtanga Kore-Para (Te Whakakino Matū): I te wā o te tukanga kukū RO, ko ngā tote wairewa iti pēnei i te konupūmā, te konupora, ngā kāponāte, ngā whanariki, me ngā silicate i roto i te wai whāngai ka nui ake i ō rātou rohe wairewa. Ka whakatio, ka putunga ki runga i te mata o te kiriuhi, ka hanga he paparanga unahi mārō.
• Te Parahanga Waro me te Parahanga Colloidal (Te Parahanga Matatini): Ka piri ngā mea rauropi tūturu (hei tauira, te waikawa humic), ngā hinu, ngā matūriki surfactants, ngā matūriki me ngā colloids rānei kāore anō kia tangohia katoatia i roto i te wai whāngai ki te mata o te membrane. Ka hangaia he paparanga paru matotoru e kore e ārai noa i ngā pūwero o te membrane engari ka mimiti hoki i ētahi atu paru.
• Te Whakakino Koiora (Te Whakakino Whakaputa Uri): Ina kore e ranea te patu huakita i te wai whāngai, ka tere te whakanui i ngā moroiti pēnei i te huakita, te harore, me te rimurimu ki runga i te mata o te kiriuhi. Ka hangaia e rātou he kiriata pakari, ka whakaputa i ngā matūkai ka taea te whakangaro i ngā huānga o te kiriuhi.
• Parahanga Matūriki (Parahanga Tinana): Ko ngā matūriki totoka e iri ana pērā i te onepu me te waikura i roto i te wai whāngai ka uru ki te pūnaha nā te koretake, te kore rānei i pai te maimoatanga o mua. Ka putu ki runga i te mata o te kiriuhi, ki ngā pūwāhi whakawhiti rānei o ngā mokowā whāngai.

2. Me pēhea te whakatau mēnā me horoi

Ko te tikanga, me horoi te pūnaha ina kitea ēnei āhuatanga e whai ake nei:

• Te Rere Whakapūmau i te Rere: Ka heke te rere o te wai kua noa mā te 10%~15% ki te whakaritea ki te tūnga tuatahi.
• Te Hekenga Pēhanga kua Whakanuia: Ka tino piki ake te hekenga pēhanga i waenga i ngā wāhanga (hei tauira, neke atu i te 15%, neke atu rānei i te 0.25 MPa te hekenga pēhanga o te wāhanga tuatahi).
• Te Whakaiti i te Whakakorenga Tote: Ka heke te kounga o te wai e uru ana, ka piki ake te rerenga tote i te āhua noa mā te 10%~15%.

3. Ngā Otinga me ngā Tikanga Horoi

Ko te otinga matua mō te poke o te membrane ko Horoi-i-te-Wāhi (CIP), kei roto ko te horoi ā-tinana me te horoi matū.

Te Horoi Tinana

Ko te nuinga o te wā e whakamahia ana hei tango i ngā poke paru mai i te mata o te kiriuhi (hei tauira, te poke matūriki ngawari). Ko te tikanga he horoi ki te wai parakore iti te pēhanga, tere rere teitei, me te whakamahi i te kaha kutikuti waipēhi hei horoi atu i ngā poke paru. Ka taea hoki te whakamahi i te horoinga whakaranu hau-wai hei whakarei ake i te pānga.

Te Horoi Matū

Me whiriwhiri ngā matū e tika ana mō te tohanga me te rumaki i runga i te momo paru motuhake:

• Mō te Tauine Kore-Pararopi: Whakamahia ngā kaihoroi waikawa (hei tauira, 0.2%~1% waikawa citric, waikawa hydrochloric rānei, pH e whakahaeretia ana i te 2-3) hei whakarewa pai i ngā warowaihā me ngā waikura konganuku.
• Mō ngā mea rauropi, ngā mea korōiti, me ngā mea poke koiora: Whakamahia ngā kaihoroi kawakore (hei tauira, 0.1%~0.5% konutai hauwai i konatunatua ki ngā matū horoi, ki te EDTA rānei, ko te pH e whakahaeretia ana i te 10-12) hei whakarewa i te paru matotoru me te tango atu i ngā kiriata koiora.
• Mō te Whakakino Hiato: Ko te horoinga kawakore te tikanga tuatahi hei tango i te poke rauropi/koiora, ā, muri iho ka horoia te waikawa hei tango i te unahi kore-rauropi.

Te Tukanga Horoi Paerewa

1. Horoi i mua i te horoi: Whakawetohia te pūnaha ka horoia ki te wai whakauru RO i te pēhanga iti hei tango i te wai whāngai toenga mai i ngā kōwae membrane.
2. Te Whakarite me te Tohatoha o te Otinga: Whakaritea te otinga horoi i te ōwehenga kua tohua. Papuhia ki roto i te pūnaha i te pēhanga iti (te tikanga ≤0.2~0.3 MPa) me te haurua o te tere rere horoi noa. Hurihia mō te 30-60 meneti.
3. Te ruku: Kati te rere o te wai, ā, waiho kia rumakina te wai horoi ki roto i te kiriuhi mō tētahi wā (hei tauira, kia rere mō te 10 meneti, kātahi ka kati ka rumakina mō te 5 meneti) kia taea ai e te matū te uru katoa ki roto i te paparanga paru.
4. I muri i te horoinga: Ringihia te wai horoi ka horoia rawatia te pūnaha ki te permeate kia noho kūpapa te pH o te parahanga, ā, kia kore he pahuka, he haunga rānei.
5. Manatoko Mahi: Tīmata anō te pūnaha mō te whakamātautau pēhanga iti hei tirotiro mēnā kua hoki te rere o te wai uru me te whakakorenga tote ki te neke atu i te 90% o ngā uara tīmatanga.

4. Ngā Tohutohu mō te Ārai me te Tiaki Auau

• Arotau i te Maimoatanga i mua: Whakapai ake i ngā tukanga maimoatanga o mua pērā i te whakapūmau, te tātari, me te whakangawari kia iti iho i te 5 te Taupū Matotoru Para (SDI) o te wai whāngai, kia whakaitihia ai ngā poke i te pūtake.
• Te Horoi Tinana Auau: Ki te taea e ngā āhuatanga, me horoi i te wai i ia rā ki te pēhanga iti, ki te tere rere nui. He pai ake tēnei i te tatari kia kohia te paru i mua i te whakahaere i te horoinga matū.
• Te Inenga Matū Tika: Tāpirihia ngā horopeta tika o ngā antiscalants, ngā dispersants, me ngā biocides motuhake i runga i te kounga o te wai whāngai hei aukati i te unahi me te tipu o ngā moroiti.
• Te Whakahaere Paerewa: Kaua e whakakī rawa i te pūnaha. Horoia te pūnaha i mua i te whakaweto kia kore ai e noho pūmau ngā poke ki te mata o te kiriuhi.

⚠️ Ngā Whakatūpato: Kaua rawa e whakamahi pōhēhē i ngā waikawa kaha, i ngā kawakore rānei, kaua hoki e whakaroa i ngā wā horoi, nā te mea ka kino tonu te paparanga hohe o te kiriuhi. Mena kāore e whai hua te horoi tuihono, he tino kino rānei te paru, whakaarohia te tango i ngā wāhanga kiriuhi hei horoi ā-ngaio, hei whakakapi rānei i a rātou katoa.