Kedu ka RO Membrane si enweta ọjụjụ nnu 99.9%?

Reverse osmosis membrane (RO membrane) na-arụ ọrụ na isi ụkpụrụ nke igbochi usoro osmotic eke. Nke a bụ nyocha miri emi nke usoro ọrụ ya:

Ntụle anụ ahụ nke Osmosis eke na Reverse Osmosis

Natural Osmosis Phenomenon bụ mgbe enwere ọdịiche dị n'akụkụ abụọ nke akpụkpọ anụ semipermeable (dị ka mmiri ọhụrụ na mmiri nnu), ụmụ irighiri mmiri ga-esi n'akụkụ dị ala na-agbapụta n'otu oge gaa n'akụkụ dị elu ruo mgbe ihe dị n'akụkụ abụọ na-edozi. N'ebe a, nrụgide na-emepụta site na ịdị elu dị elu nke elu mmiri mmiri bụ nrụgide osmotic.

Nrụgide osmotic π nke ngwọta dilute bụ: π = iCRT (ebe m bụ ọnụọgụ ion nke electrolysis nke solute molecules na-emepụta; C bụ mkpokọta molar nke solute; R bụ gas molar mgbe niile; T bụ okpomọkụ zuru oke.)
Dịka ọmụmaatụ, nrụgide osmotic nke mmiri mmiri dị elu dị ka 28 mmanya, na-achọ ka nrụgide dị ukwuu gbanwee mmiri na-asọ.

"High-Pressure Counter-Flow" nke Reverse Osmosis na-etinye nrụgide n'akụkụ saline (> nrụgide osmotic) na-eme ka ụmụ irighiri mmiri na-asọba na ntụgharị, na-enweta ntụgharị uche gradient ntụgharị site na "mmiri saline → mmiri dị ọcha."

N'oge reverse osmosis, osmotic ọnụego nke ihe mgbaze, ya bụ, mmiri mmiri eruba ume N, bụ: N = Kh (Δp).-Δπ) (ebe Kh bụ ọnụọgụ hydraulic permeability coefficient, nke na-abawanye na okpomọkụ; Δp bụ ọdịiche nrụgide dị iche iche n'ofe akpụkpọ ahụ; Δπ bụ ọdịiche nrụgide osmotic n'ofe akpụkpọ ahụ).

N'ebe a: N'akụkụ mmiri dị ọcha: Ịnakọta ụmụ irighiri mmiri nke na-agafe (permeate), N'akụkụ mmiri a na-etinye uche: Njide nnu, ọla dị arọ, na adịghị ọcha ndị ọzọ (na-etinye uche).

Oke nkenke nke Ọdịdị Membrane

Nhazi Sanwichi:

Nkwado oyi akwa: ákwà na-adịghị kpara akpa (ọkpụrụkpụ ≈ 120 μm) - "igwe ígwè" nke na-eguzogide nrụgide dị elu.

oyi akwa: Polysulfone ihe (nha pore 0.01-0.1 μm) - "usoro nchebe mbụ" nke na-egbochi apịtị, ájá na nchara.

oyi akwa na-arụ ọrụ: ihe nkiri polyamide (ọkpụrụkpụ ≈ 200 nm) - ezi "onye na-ahụ maka ihe omimi," nke nwere oghere nke naanị 0.1-1 nm (≈ ugboro abụọ nke mmiri mmiri).

Data atụnyere:

Dayameta nje virus (0.02-0.3 μm)> Ogo pore Membrane ugboro 3000.

Nha nje bacteria (0.5-5 μm)> Ogo pore membrane ugboro 5000.

Tiori ụdị oge gboo

• Ngwọta-Nlereanya Mgbasa

Isi echiche: Akpụkpọ ahụ bụ ihe owuwu otu na-enweghị pores, a na-ebufe solute na ihe mgbaze site na mgbasa n'ime ihe mkpuchi na mgbasa.

Usoro nnyefe:

Mgbasa: Mkpụrụ ndụ mmiri na solutes na-adaba n'elu akpụkpọ ahụ ma gbazee n'ime ihe mkpuchi ahụ;
Mgbasa: N'okpuru ike nke kemịkalụ nwere ike gradient (nrụgide nrụgide), ụmụ irighiri mmiri na-agbasasị nke ọma site na akpụkpọ ahụ;

Desorption: ewepụtara dị ka mmiri dị ọcha n'akụkụ nke ọzọ nke akpụkpọ ahụ.

Okwu mgbakọ na mwepụ: Mgbanwe mmiri Jw = A(ΔP -Dp), ebe A bụ ọnụọgụ permeability nke akpụkpọ ahụ, DP bụ nrụgide etinyere, na Dp bụ ọdịiche nrụgide osmotic.

• Nlebanya mgbasa ozi masịrị - Ụdị Flow Capillary

Echiche bụ isi: N'elu akpụkpọ ahụ nwere ọwa nanoscale, bụ nke na-eme ka mkpụrụ ndụ mmiri na-eme ka ọ bụrụ monolayer nke "mmiri ejikọta," ebe a na-achụgharị solutes.

Usoro nnyefe:

Nhọrọ adsorption: N'elu akpụkpọ ahụ na-ahọrọ nke ọma na-eme ka ụmụ irighiri mmiri dị iche iche site na njikọ hydrogen (dịka ọmụmaatụ, carbonyl oxygen na cellulose acetate);

Ụgbọ njem ọwa: N'okpuru nrụgide dị elu, mmiri agbụ na-agafe na ọwa site na "hydrogen bond jumping," ebe a na-edobe solutes n'ihi oke mwepu.

Arụmọrụ:

Ọnụọgụ jụrụ nnu: 98%-99.9% (TDS

Ọnụego mkpochapụ ígwè dị arọ:>99.9% (edu, arsenic, wdg).

Isi ihe na-emetụta

Nrụgide arụ ọrụ
Ga-abụrịrị> ngwọta osmotic mgbali, na-abụkarị 60-80 mmanya maka ngwa ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe (desalination), yana mmanya 2-4 maka iji ụlọ.

Okpomọkụ: 5-45 ℃ (oke okpomọkụ na-akpata nrụrụ akpụkpọ anụ)

pH nso: 4-11 (polyamide membrane), 5-6 (akpụkpọ anụ acetate cellulose).

Ụdị mmetọ

Ntucha ihe na-adịghị ahụkebe (dịka, CaCO₃): Achọrọ ihicha citric acid na pH = 2

Mmetọ ndu (dịka ọmụmaatụ, ihe nkiri nje bacteria): Eji DBNPA sanitizer gwọọ ya.

Ihe ngosi ngwa na Nhọrọ Ụdị Membrane

Mmiri mmiri na-ekpochapụ Polyamide composite membrane (TFC) Nguzogide nrụgide dị elu (＞60 mmanya), 99% ọnụego mkpochapụ

Nchacha mmiri ụlọ gburugburu gburugburu akpụkpọ ahụ dị ala arụ ọrụ (2-4 mmanya), ike na-azọpụta 30%.

Mmiri dị ọcha nke ụlọ ọrụ (mbe eletrọnịkị) Mgbasa dị ala mejupụtara akpụkpọ ahụ ngwaahịa mmiri na-eguzogide 18 MΩ · cm.