Ukusetshenziswa kwezinto ezisebenza kahle kakhulu zolwelwesi lwe-osmosis ekuhlanzeni indle

Ubuchwepheshe bokuhlukaniswa kwe-membrane ye-RO

Ubuchwepheshe bokuhlukanisa ulwelwesi lwe-RO busebenzisa umehluko wengcindezi emile kulo lonke ulwelwesi njengamandla okushayela. Ama-molecule amancane, njengama-molecule amanzi, anqoba ingcindezi ye-osmotic ukuze adlule kulwelwesi lwe-RO, ngaleyo ndlela abahlukanise nokungcola. Ingcindezi yokusebenza ngokuvamile iphakathi kuka-1.5 no-10.5 MPa, futhi isistimu ingagcina ama-molecule amancane ka-1 kuya ku-10A.

Ekwelashweni kwamanzi, i-RO, njengemishini eyinhloko, ingasusa ngaphezu kwe-97% yezinto ezingaphili ezincibilikayo, i-99% yezinto eziphilayo ezinesisindo samangqamuzana angama-300 noma ngaphezulu, ngaphezu kwe-99% yezinhlayiya ezihlukahlukene ezihlanganisa amagciwane, kanye ne-95% ye-SiO2 emanzini.

Indawo enkulu kunazo zonke yasekhaya esetshenziselwa ulwelwesi lwe-osmosis ehlehlayo ihlala ingamanzi amakhulu okuphakelwa kukabhayela, kulandelwa izimakethe ezahlukahlukene zamanzi ahlanzekile nezimboni zamanzi okuphuza. Ukufakwa kwe-Membrane nakho sekufinyelele esikalini esibalulekile ezimbonini ze-electronics, i-semiconductor, ezemithi, ezokwelashwa, zokudla, isiphuzo, utshwala, amakhemikhali, ukuvikelwa kwemvelo, ezensimbi nezendwangu. Izicelo ezingase zibe khona esikhathini esizayo zihlanganisa ukuhlanzwa kwamanzi angcolile okupholisa isizinda samandla kagesi, ukukhishwa kwamanzi olwandle ngezinga elikhulu, ukukhishwa kwamanzi anosawoti emanzini anosawoti, kanye nokuhlanza amanzi angcolile kamasipala nezimboni ezinkulu.

Ukusetshenziswa kwe-membrane ye-RO ekuhlanzeni indle

1Isicelo ekuhlanzeni amanzi angcolile anosawoti omningi

(1) Ukwelashwa okunamandla kwamanzi angcolile ane-mineralization ephezulu, amelelwa amanzi asemayini, kubonakala ngosawoti omningi, ikakhulukazi ukuphuma kwamanzi angaphansi komhlaba, anesilinganiso sokuqukethwe kukasawoti okungaphezu kuka-1000 mg/L. Izingxenye eziphilayo ze-SS eziqukethe inani elikhulu le-Ca2+Mg2+K+, Cl-, SO42-, HCO3 ne-HCO3- zingaphansi kuka-1.5 mg/L. Ezindaweni zezimayini ezinokuntuleka okukhulu kwamanzi, ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe be-osmosis ehlanekezela ukwelashwa okujulile kokukhiqiza kanye namanzi asekhaya kuye kwakhuthazwa kabanzi.

Ukusebenzisa amanzi amaminerali njenge-ejenti yokwelashwa, i-flocculation, i-sedimentation, kanye nokuhlunga okusheshayo kwengezwe ukuze kukhishwe iningi le-SSS emanzini, okuholela ekungeneni kwe-osmosis okuphambene okungaphansi kwe-1 NTU. Ngemuva kokwelashwa kwe-osmosis ehlehliswayo, izinga lokususwa kwemfucumfucu yasondela ku-100%, nezinga lokukhipha usawoti emanzini lika-96%.

(2) Ukwelashwa kwamanzi angcolile nge-Metallurgical

Imboni yensimbi, imboni edinga kakhulu izinsiza, edinga amanzi kakhulu futhi engcolisa kakhulu, yenza ama-14% engqikithi yokusetshenziswa kwamanzi eChina. Amanzi angcolile embonini yensimbi asetshenziswa kakhulu embonini ye-metallurgical. Amanzi angcolile anokwakheka okuyinkimbinkimbi futhi ashintshashintsha kakhulu kumapharamitha ahlukahlukene, ikakhulukazi amazinga aphezulu e-Ca2+, Mg2+, Fe2+, Mn2+, SO42-, F, kanye ne-SiO2. Ukwehluleka ukususa kusengaphambili izikhiqizo ezinensimbi ephezulu ezikhona kulwelwesi lwe-osmosis elingemuva kungase kuholele ekungcoleni okukhulu kwe-inorganic.

Ngamanzi angcolile avela esitshalweni sensimbi esilashwa ngamakhemikhali esibili e-biochemical, ukufaka umoya kuqala kwenziwa ethangini lokungenisa umoya ukuze kukhishwe i-Fe2+ kuya ku-Fe3+. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, i-NaClO yengezwa ukuthuthukisa umthamo we-Fe2+ oxidation kanye nempumelelo yokubulala amagciwane. Ubisi lwe-lime lwengezwa ukulungisa i-pH, kulandelwa ukugeleza nge-PAM ne-PAC. I-Sedimentation, filtration ngokushesha, kanye ne-activated carbon adsorption bese isetshenziselwa ukususa izinto eziphilayo, i-chlorine esele, nama-ion ensimbi esindayo. Ngemva kokwelashwa kwe-UF, amanzi angcolile aphathwa nge-ejenti yokunciphisa. I-Scale inhibitors ne-asidi ingena ohlelweni lwe-RO.

2 Ukufaka isicelo ekwelapheni amanzi alahlwayo e-organic refractory

Ukuphrinta nokudaywa kwamanzi angcolile kanye nokwelashwa kwamanzi angcolile e-petrochemical, ukuphrinta nokudaya amanzi angcolile, ngaphezu kwenani elikhulu likadayi, ama-slurries, usawoti we-inorganic, ama-acids nama-alkali, kunezici ezifika izikhathi ezingu-4000 umbala, umthamo omkhulu wamanzi, okuqukethwe okuphezulu kokungcola kwe-organic, ikhwalithi yamanzi ehlukahlukene, njll. ukungcola kwezindawo zokulahla imfucumfucu, kanye nezinto ezingcolisayo ikakhulukazi zivela ekuboleni kwamagciwane kadoti kanye nokucwiliswa kwemvula. Izinga lamanzi liyinkimbinkimbi, futhi i-COD iphakeme kakhulu kunaleyo yendle yasemadolobheni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-leachate iqukethe nezinhlobonhlobo ze-ion zensimbi, njenge-Fe2+, Cd2+, Cr3+, Cu2+, Zn2+, kanye ne-Fe2+ concentration ngesikhathi sokuvutshelwa.

Nakuba inqubo ye-A/O yezigaba ezimbili yokwelashwa kwamakhemikhali ezinto eziphilayo iye yasetshenziswa kabanzi ukucekelwa phansi kwezinto eziphilayo kanye nokukhishwa kwe-denitrification endaweni yokulahla imfucumfucu, ukusebenza kokungcola akuzinzile. Ngakho-ke, ngokusekelwe ekuhlungeni kwemishini, ukusetshenziswa kwe-ultrafiltration membranes kanye ne-A/O ukwenza inqubo ye-MBR kuye kwathuthukisa izinga lokususwa kwezinto eziphilayo ekuvuzeni kokulahla.

Amanzi angcolile, ngemva kokuhlukaniswa kodaka ngolwelwesi lwe-ultrafiltration, angena ohlelweni lwe-nanofiltration (NFN). I-NF ingakwazi ukuhlukanisa ngempumelelo izinto eziphilayo ngesisindo se-molecular 200m kuya ku-2000m futhi ingasetshenziswa futhi ukuhlukanisa izinto eziphilayo ezinenani eliphezulu emanzini akhiqizwe yi-MBR. Ucwaningo lwenziwe mayelana nezakhiwo zama-ion ensimbi kanye nenqubo yokwelapha eyinhlanganisela ye-membrane yezendlalelo ezintathu ye-MBR+NF+RO. Imiphumela ibonisa ukuthi le nqubo isebenza ngempumelelo, futhi ikhwalithi yamanzi angcolile ihlangabezana nezindinganiso zokulawula ukungcoliswa kwezindawo zokulahla imfucuza kamasipala.

Ngesikhathi sokusebenza, uma amanzi angcolile e-NF ehlangabezana nezidingo zokuchithwa, angakhishwa ngokuqondile. Uma kungenjalo, ingelashwa ngokuqhubekayo kusetshenziswa isistimu ye-RO elandelayo. Ucwaningo lwenqubo ye-Ar/O-MBR+NF+RO yokwelapha i-leachate yokulahla imfucumfucu lubonise ukuthi ukungezwa kwekhabhoni ecushiwe kwireactor ye-A/O akuthuthukisi nje kuphela ukusebenza kahle kokukhipha izinto eziphilayo nezinsimbi ezisindayo kodwa futhi kunciphisa ukungcoliswa kolwelwesi.

3 Isicelo ekwelashweni okugaywe kabusha okuseqophelweni eliphezulu

I-China iphinde yasungula izitshalo ezinkulu zamanzi ezisetshenziswe kabusha e-Beijing, e-Tianjin, e-Hebei, e-Shandong nakwezinye izindawo. Phakathi kwazo, iziteshi eziningi ezinkulu zokubuyisela amanzi kabusha zisebenzisa i-"UF(MF)+RO" inqubo ye-membrane ephindwe kabili ukuphatha izinhlobo ezimbili zendle yasemadolobheni emanzini aluhlaza, zikhiqiza amanzi abuye asetshenziswe kabusha ekhwalithi ephezulu, asetshenziswa njengengxenye yamanzi kubhoyela izitshalo zamandla ashisayo kanti enye ingxenye isetshenziswa njengemifula yemvelo kanye namanzi ahlukahlukene asekhaya.

Indawo yokuhlanza amanzi angcolile yasendaweni isebenzisa i-MBR ehlanganiswe ne-osmosis ehlehlayo ukuze ihlanze amanzi angcolile kamasipala ukuze aphinde asetshenziswe. Amanzi afinyelele amazinga e-TOC

Ukuze isebenzise ngokugcwele izinzuzo zobuchwepheshe be-osmosis ehlehlayo, ukunciphisa ukungcoliswa kwe-membrane, kanye nezindleko eziphansi zokuhlanza amanzi, inkampani yethu ithuthukise uchungechunge lwezinqubo ezihlanganisiwe eziklanyelwe izici zekhwalithi yamanzi. Izindlela zomdabu zokwelashwa kwamanzi, ezifana nokujiya kanye nokucwiliswa phansi, ukugxilisa ingqondo kakhulu, kanye nokuhlunga okusebenzayo, ngokuvamile zisetshenziselwa ukususa i-SS. I-NaClO, ubisi lwe-lime, nezihlungi zesihlabathi se-manganese zisetshenziselwa ukunciphisa i-RO, usawoti we-manganese, usawoti we-calcium, nosawoti we-silica ohlelweni olunamandla lwe-Sargassum aeration kanye ne-oxidation. I-O3 oxidation isetshenziselwa ukwelapha i-recalcitrant A/O ye-organic matter. I-MBR, i-UF, ne-NF isetshenziselwa ukugcina ama-SS amahle nama-molecule amancane. Ama-ion ane-valent ephezulu ahlanganiswe ne-UF+RO noma i-MBR+RO amasistimu we-dual-membrane, noma ngisho nezinhlelo ze-triple-membrane ye-MBR+NF+RO, okuqinisekisa ukusebenza kwesistimu okuzinzile kanye nokuqinisekisa ukuphathwa kwe-RO kwamanzi angcolile e-organic recalcitrant.

Izincomo zenkampani

"I-HID Membrane" igxile kubuchwepheshe bokuhlukaniswa kwe-membrane kanye nokuthuthukiswa komkhiqizo we-membrane, ukuhlinzeka amakhasimende ngokuhlukaniswa kwe-liquid ochwepheshe, izixazululo zokuhlushwa kwe-membrane kanye namasethi aphelele emishini yesistimu evela ekukhiqizeni ulwelwesi, ucwaningo lwesicelo kanye nokuthuthukiswa, ukubonisana kwephrojekthi, ukuhlanganiswa kwesistimu kumasevisi ahlanganisiwe wezobuchwepheshe.

Lo mkhiqizo uzibophezele kubuchwepheshe bokuhlanza amanzi angcolile ezimbonini kanye nezicelo zomkhiqizo we-membrane iminyaka engaphezu kwe-16. Isungule eyokuqala emhlabeni emikhakheni yohlelo lokusebenza eminingi yolwelwesi lwe-osmosis ehlehlayo, yanqwabelanisa isipiliyoni sesicelo esicebile, futhi yathola amalungelo obunikazi amaningi okusungulwa kanye namaphethenti emodeli yensiza emikhakheni ehlobene, igcwalisa izikhala eziningi ekhaya naphesheya, futhi inedumela eliphezulu embonini.