Ulwazi olungundoqo kunye nokuSetyenziswa kokuBuyisa i-Osmosis
Izinga lokubuyisela uvavanyo olusemgangathweni, izinga lokubuyisela lokwenene, kunye nesantya sokubuyisela inkqubo yamacandelo e-membrane yimiba emithathu engundoqo kwi-teknoloji ye-osmosis eguqukayo. Izinga lokubuyisela uvavanyo olusemgangathweni lumiselwa ngabavelisi becandelo le-membrane phantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo, ezifana nesantya sokubuyisela i-15% kwi-brackish water membrane element BW8040 kunye ne-BW4040 ye-HID brand inwebu yezoshishino, kunye ne-8% ye-membrane yamanzi olwandle i-SW8040 kunye ne-SW4040. Isantya sangempela sokubuyisela sinqunywe ngexesha lokusetyenziswa kwangempela, ukwenzela ukwandisa ixesha lokuphila kwamacandelo e-membrane kunye nokunciphisa ukungcola, abavelisi baya kwenza imimiselo ecacileyo. Ngokomzekelo, izinga lokubuyisela leyona nto i-8040 ye-membrane element akufanele ibe ngaphezu kwe-18%. Nangona kunjalo, kwinqanaba lesibini lokunyanga inkqubo ye-osmosis yokubuyisela amanzi, izinga lokubuyisela lokwenene lingadlula kancinci i-18%, kodwa kungcono ukuyilawula ngaphantsi kwe-20%.
Izinga lokubuyisela inkqubo libhekiselele kwisantya esipheleleyo sokubuyisela isixhobo esipheleleyo se-osmosis ngexesha lokusebenza kwangempela. Iphenjelelwa yizinto ezahlukeneyo ezifana nomgangatho wamanzi, inani kunye nokulungiswa kwamacandelo e-membrane. Ngenxa yenani elincinci lezinto ze-membrane kunye nenkqubo emfutshane, izinga lokubuyisela i-osmosis encinci ye-reverse device idla ngokuphantsi; Ngokuchaseneyo noko, izixhobo ze-jumbo industrial reverse osmosis ngokubanzi zinezinga lokubuyisela inkqubo ye-75% okanye ngaphezulu, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha isantya sokubuyisela inqanaba lesibini reverse osmosis sinokufikelela kwi-90%.
Ngelixa ulandela amazinga aphezulu okubuyisela inkqubo, kubalulekile ukuphepha imiba ethile. Okufana nokuncipha kwesantya sokukhupha ityuwa kumanzi emveliso, ukonyuka komngcipheko wokuna kweetyuwa ezinyibilikayo kancinane, kunye nokuncipha kwemveliso yamanzi ngenxa yoxinzelelo oluphezulu lweosmotic lwamanzi axinanisiweyo. Ngoko ke, ekusebenzeni okusebenzayo, kuyimfuneko ukulawula ngokufanelekileyo izinga lokubuyisela inkqubo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza okuzinzileyo kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwesixhobo se-osmosis esingasemva.
Indlela yokumisela izinga lokubuyisela inkqubo?
Kwizixhobo ezinkulu ze-reverse osmosis zamashishini, ngenxa yenani elikhulu lezinto ze-membrane kunye nendlela yokuhamba kwamanzi ende, elona nqanaba lokubuyisela inkqubo lihlala malunga ne-75%. Kwezinye iimeko, njengaxa umgangatho wamanzi angenayo ugqwesile, izinga lokubuyisela umva wenkqubo ye-osmosis inokufikelela kuma-90%. Xa kumiselwa izinga lokubuyisela inkqubo, la manqaku mabini alandelayo kufuneka aqwalaselwe:
Ubude be-membrane element series udibaniso: Okukhona ubude bonxibelelwano lothotho, kokukhona uphezulu izinga lokubuyisela inkqubo.
Ukujikeleza kwamanzi okugxininisiweyo kunye nesantya sokuhamba kwawo: Ukuba akukho mjikelezo wamanzi ogxininisiweyo, izinga lokubuyisela i-membrane yamacandelo kunye neenkqubo kufuneka zinqunywe ngokwemigaqo ethile.
Ukongeza, ekusebenzeni okusebenzayo, kufuneka kunikwe ingqwalasela ekuthinteleni iingxaki ezinjengokuhla kwesantya sokuchithwa kwamanzi emveliso, ukonyuka komngcipheko wemvula yetyuwa enyibilikayo encinci, kunye nokuncipha kwemveliso yamanzi okubangelwa luxinzelelo oluphezulu lwe-osmotic lwamanzi agxininisiweyo. Ke ngoko, ulawulo olufanelekileyo lwenqanaba lokubuyisela inkqubo lubalulekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza okuzinzileyo kunye nokusebenza ngokukuko kwezixhobo ze-osmosis ezibuyela umva.
Ifomula yokubala ireyithi yokubuyisela umva inkqubo ye-osmosis yile:
Ireyithi yokubuya kwakhona=(izinga lokuhamba kwamanzi acocekileyo/isantya sokuqukuqela kwamanzi esondlo) × 100%
Phakathi kwazo, umyinge wokuhamba kwamanzi acocekileyo ubhekisa kumyinge wokuhamba kwamanzi asulungekileyo afunyenwe emva konyango lwe-osmosis ebuyela umva, ngelixa isantya sokuhamba kwamanzi esondlayo sisantya sokuqukuqela kwamanzi angena kwinkqubo ye-osmosis ebuyela umva. Le fomula isetyenziselwa ukuchaza ngokobungakanani ukuba ungakanani na umlinganiselo wamanzi akrwada anokuguqulwa ngempumelelo abe ngamanzi acociweyo ngexesha lenkqubo yonyango lwenkqubo ye-osmosis ebuyela umva.
